Gender Earnings Gap in the Formal Labor Market in Turkey
Gender disparities in Turkey remain considerable despite Turkish government’s recent public policy initiatives aimed at increasing gender equity in Turkey. Overall gender equity ranking of Turkey in the gender gap 2012 report. Gender equity is iden...
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| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2016
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/905661479281926967/Gender-earnings-gap-in-the-formal-labor-market-in-Turkey http://hdl.handle.net/10986/25365 |
| Summary: | Gender disparities in Turkey remain
considerable despite Turkish government’s recent public
policy initiatives aimed at increasing gender equity in
Turkey. Overall gender equity ranking of Turkey in the
gender gap 2012 report. Gender equity is identified as a key
area in the 2012-2015 country partnership strategy of the
World Bank Group (WBG) in Turkey. One of the projects
initiated to move WBG’s gender agenda in Turkey further is
the technical assistance project on promoting gender equity
in labor markets and entrepreneurship. Using novel datasets,
this study aims to contribute to the project through
providing a better understanding of different dimensions of
the gender gap in employment and particularly earnings. Key
findings of this paper are as follows: (i) the gap between
men and women in participation emerges with the early exit
of women, particularly those low educated, after marriage;
(ii) partly due to exit of low educated women after
marriage, female employees, on average, have less work
experience than male employees; (iii) compared to men, women
work in higher paying sectors, sub-sectors, and firms within
sub-sectors. Yet, women earn less than the men working in
the same firm; (iv) female employees are more concentrated
in larger firms especially in the East and the North regions
of the country; and (v) once all observable characteristics
are taken into account, it is hard to argue that earnings
discrimination against women in the formal labor market of
Turkey is large. Section one gives introduction. Section two
and three are dedicated to the investigation of gender gap
in labor market participation. Section four and five analyze
the gender gap in earnings. Section six presents conclusion
and policy implications. |
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