Description: Use of Modern Medical Care for Pregnancy and Childbirth Care : Does Female Schooling Matter?

Use of Modern Medical Care for Pregnancy and Childbirth Care : Does Female Schooling Matter?

Controversy exists over whether the estimated effects of schooling on health care use reflect the influence of unobserved factors. Existing estimates may overstate the schooling effect because of the failure to control for unobserved variables or m...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Somanathan, Aparnaa
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO CARE ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES ANTE-NATAL CARE AUTONOMY OF WOMEN BIRTH ATTENDANT BIRTH ATTENDANTS BIRTH ORDER BIRTHS BULLETIN CHILD CARE CHILD DELIVERY CHILD EDUCATION CHILD HEALTH CHILD MORBIDITY CHILD MORTALITY CHILD SURVIVAL CHILD-CARE CHILDBEARING CHILDBIRTH CHILDHOOD CONTRACEPTIVE USE CULTURAL CHANGE CURATIVE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY CARE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISEASES DOCTOR ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RESOURCES EDUCATION SECTOR EMPLOYMENT ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLMENT RATE EPIDEMIOLOGY EXPENDITURES EXTENDED FAMILIES FAMILY HEALTH FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY SIZE FATHER FATHERS FEMALE FEMALES FERTILITY FIRST BIRTH FIRST CHILD FIRST MARRIAGE FIRST PREGNANCY GENDER HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE ACCESS HEALTH CARE DEMAND HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH CARE PROVIDER HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CARE USE HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION HEALTH CENTRE HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HOSPITAL HOSPITAL CARE HOSPITAL DELIVERIES HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES ILLNESS IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATIONS IMPACT OF EDUCATION IMPACT ON HEALTH INFANT INFANTS INSURANCE INTERVENTIONS JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LABOUR MARKET LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LITERACY LIVE BIRTH MALES MARITAL STATUS MARRIED WOMAN MARRIED WOMEN MATERNAL CARE MATERNAL HEALTH MATERNAL HEALTH CARE MATERNITY CARE MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL SERVICES MIDWIFE MIDWIFERY MIGRATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MISCARRIAGE MODERN HEALTH CARE MODERN MEDICINE MODERNIZATION MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY DECLINE MOTHER MOTHERS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NURSE NUTRITION OLDER WOMEN PACIFIC REGION PARITY POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR MATERNAL HEALTH POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION ASSOCIATION POPULATION STUDIES PREGNANCIES PREGNANCY PRENATAL CARE PRESCHOOL CHILDREN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE PRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS PRIMARY SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PROBABILITY PROGRESS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS PUBLIC POLICY QUALITY OF CARE QUALITY OF HEALTH QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE RESPECT ROLE OF WOMEN RURAL AREAS SAFETY NETS SANITATION SCHOOL BUILDINGS SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SCHOOLS SIBLINGS SOCIAL FACTORS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOCIAL SECTOR SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SPOUSE STILLBIRTH TEACHER RECRUITMENT TEACHERS TEACHING TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS UNEDUCATED WOMEN URBAN AREAS USE OF HEALTH SERVICES USE OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES USER FEES WOMAN WOMEN'S HEALTH YOUNG CHILDREN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/05/9456664/use-modern-medical-care-pregnancy-childbirth-care-female-schooling-matter http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6680

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Summary:	Controversy exists over whether the estimated effects of schooling on health care use reflect the influence of unobserved factors. Existing estimates may overstate the schooling effect because of the failure to control for unobserved variables or may be downwardly biased due to measurement error. This paper contributes to the resolution of this debate by adopting an instrumental variable approach to estimate the impact of female schooling on maternal health care use. A school construction program in Indonesia in the 1970s is used to construct an instrumental variable for education. The choice between use and non-use of maternal health services is estimated as a function of schooling and other variables. Data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey are used for this paper. Standard regression models estimated in the paper indicate that each additional year of schooling does indeed have a significant, positive effect on maternal health care use. Instrumental variable estimates of the schooling effect are larger. The results suggest that schooling has a positive impact on maternal health care use even after eliminating the effect of unobserved variables and measurement error. This paper moves beyond previous work on the impact of education on health care use by adopting an IV approach to address the problem of endogeneity and measurement error. IV methods have been used widely in the labour economics literature to examine the impact of schooling on wages and other labour market outcomes but rarely to estimate the effect of schooling on health outcomes.

Use of Modern Medical Care for Pregnancy and Childbirth Care : Does Female Schooling Matter?

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