Wastewater Treatment and Reuse : A Guide to Help Small Towns Select Appropriate Options
Small towns in low- and middle-income countries are growing rapidly and struggling to meet the increased demands of wastewater collection and treatment. To avert public health crises and continued environmental degradation, small towns are actively...
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| Language: | English |
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Washington, DC: World Bank
2022
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099255004152219327/P16560308e102b0870a9ce0d5b36392d554 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/37317 |
| Summary: | Small towns in low- and middle-income
countries are growing rapidly and struggling to meet the
increased demands of wastewater collection and treatment. To
avert public health crises and continued environmental
degradation, small towns are actively seeking safely managed
sanitation solutions, appropriate for their scale,
institutional capacity, financial resources, and overarching
needs. This document is designed to provide a guide of
small-town wastewater treatment processes in order to assist
engineers, managers and other stakeholders responsible for
wastewater service provision in identifying and selecting
appropriate wastewater treatment processes for small towns.
This guide is part of a World Bank suite of tools and other
material to support World Bank teams and their government
counterparts in the planning, design, and implementation of
sanitation projects in urbanizing areas. Addressing the
specific context of small towns, the format of this guide
begins with an introduction of key concepts for a decision
maker to understand and then applies a suggested five-step
approach to exploring appropriate wastewater treatment
technologies, culminating with case studies from three
regions applying this approach. It delves into the unique
considerations for small-town wastewater treatment and the
exploration of corresponding technologies. Before
demonstrating the application of the approach, the guide
also navigates: (a) factors external to the technologies
that define the characteristics and environment of a given
small town and that will affect technology choice; and (b)
technology-specific information that will ultimately
influence decision making. Before embarking on the formal
planning and design process, the user is highly encouraged
to become familiar with the guide methodology in its
entirety while drawing on the principles of the Citywide
Inclusive Sanitation approach. |
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