Indonesia - Investing in Indonesia's Education at the District Level : An Analysis of Regional Public Expenditure and Financial Management
Since the implementation of decentralization in 2001, district governments have been getting increased responsibilities to provide education services to the citizen. Basic and secondary education management authority has been fully transferred from...
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| Language: | English |
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World Bank
2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20090220003406 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3020 |
| Summary: | Since the implementation of
decentralization in 2001, district governments have been
getting increased responsibilities to provide education
services to the citizen. Basic and secondary education
management authority has been fully transferred from the
central to the provincial and district government. District
education expenditure has grown rapidly both in terms of
level and as a share of national education expenditure. The
amount of district education expenditure has increased from
Rp. 26 trillion in 2001 to 52 trillion in 2006 and they
constitute 50 percent of the total national education public
expenditures in 2006. This review of district education
expenditures is one of the outputs of a larger set of
analytical and design activities that will prepare the
ground for System Improvement through Sector Wide Approaches
(SISWA) Program in basic education. In 2006, 56 percent of
education expenditure was spent at the sub-national level.
District governments are the main spenders, accounting for
51 percent of total spending, while provincial governments
account for just over 5 percent. These shares of total
education spending demonstrate the trend in education
service delivery, with district government shares being
relatively high compared with the central government.
District education expenditure has increased since
decentralization. However, the budget share of district
education spending has been decreasing. This decreasing
trend, particularly since 2005, may have been influenced by
BOS (school operational assistance) transfers from the
central government. Net enrollment rates (NERs) at the
primary school level in most of the visited districts are
close to universal, except in some remote districts in
Papua. Districts with high NERs at the primary level also
tend to have high NERs at the junior secondary level.
Differences in NERs at the primary and junior secondary
levels are more significant in kabupaten (district) than
kota (city) areas. This situation suggests a higher
transition rate from primary to secondary schools in urban
than rural districts. |
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