Description: Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969

Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969

Dramatic changes took place in agricultural policies in Europe in the 19th and 20th century. In the 1860s European nations agreed on a series of trade agreements which spread free trade across the continent. In the 1960s European nations concluded...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Swinnen, Johan F. M.
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:	AGRIBUSINESS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL HISTORY AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AGRICULTURAL MARKET AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TARIFFS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AGRICULTURE ANIMAL ANIMAL DISEASE ANIMAL PRODUCTS BARLEY BASIC FOOD PRICES BEEF BREAD BUTTER CATTLE COMMODITIES COMMODITY PROGRAMS COOPERATIVES CORN CROP CROPS DAIRY DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS DEMAND FOR FOOD DIRECT PAYMENTS DISEASE PREVENTION EXPORT EXPORTS EXTENSION FARM FARM ASSOCIATIONS FARM COMMODITY FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOMES FARM ORGANIZATIONS FARM PRICES FARM STRUCTURE FARM STRUCTURES FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FEED FEED COSTS FLOUR FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD DISTRIBUTION FOOD IMPORTS FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SECURITY FOOD SHORTAGES FOOD STAPLES FOOD SUPPLIES FOOD SUPPLY FREE TRADE FREEZING FROZEN MEAT GRAIN GRAIN PRICES GRAIN PRODUCTION GRAINS HARVESTS HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS HOUSEHOLDS HUNGER IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INDUSTRIAL WORKERS INTEGRATION KOLA LIVE ANIMALS LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK BREEDING LIVESTOCK FARMERS LIVESTOCK FARMING LIVESTOCK FARMS LIVESTOCK PRICES LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS LIVESTOCK SECTOR LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION LOW INCOME MARGARINE MARKETING MEAT MEAT PROCESSING MILK MINIMUM PRICES MINISTRIES OF AGRICULTURE OATS PORK POTATOES PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH REDUCTIONS IN TARIFFS RYE SMALL FARMERS STAPLE FOODS STIMULATING LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SUGAR SUGAR PROCESSING TARGET PRICES TARIFF BARRIERS TENURE RIGHTS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS UNIVERSITIES VEGETABLES WHEAT WHEAT PRICES WINE WORLD MARKET PRICES YIELDS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/696881468328214710/Agricultural-protection-growth-in-Europe-1870-1969 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28163

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Summary:	Dramatic changes took place in agricultural policies in Europe in the 19th and 20th century. In the 1860s European nations agreed on a series of trade agreements which spread free trade across the continent. In the 1960s European nations concluded an international agreement which spread heavy Government intervention and protection against imports across the continent. This paper offers hypotheses as to the causes of these dramatic changes in agricultural protection.

Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969

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