Description: Welfare and Poverty Effects of Global Agricultural and Trade Policies Using the Linkage Model

Welfare and Poverty Effects of Global Agricultural and Trade Policies Using the Linkage Model

This paper analyzes the economic effects of agricultural price and merchandise trade policies around the world as of 2004 on global markets, net farm incomes, and national and regional economic welfare and poverty, using the global economy wide Lin...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Anderson, Kym, Valenzuela, Ernesto, van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:	ACCESSION NEGOTIATIONS AGGREGATE IMPORTS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY AGRICULTURAL GOODS AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICE AGRICULTURAL PRICE SUPPORTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL PROTECTIONISM AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL TARIFF AGRICULTURAL TARIFFS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL VALUE AGRICULTURE ANTI-TRADE APPAREL APPLIED TARIFF BANANAS BASE YEAR BEET BENCHMARK BENCHMARK DATA BILATERAL TARIFF BILATERAL TARIFFS BILATERAL TRADE BORDER MEASURES CAPITAL OWNERS COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMERS COST OF CAPITAL COTTON COUNTRY MARKETS CROPS CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE CUSTOMS CUSTOMS REVENUE DAIRY DAIRY PRODUCTS DEMAND SHOCKS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC SALES ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC SIZE ECONOMIC WELFARE ELASTICITY EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES EXOGENOUS SHOCKS EXPORT EXPORT DEMAND EXPORT PRICE EXPORT SHARE EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT TAXES EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES EXTREME POVERTY FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FARM FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARM PRODUCTION FARM PRODUCTS FARM SECTOR FARM VALUE FARMERS FARMS FATS FINANCIAL FLOWS FOOD PRICE FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD PRODUCTS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FREE ACCESS FREE MARKETS FREE TRADE FULL LIBERALIZATION GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GINI COEFFICIENT GLOBAL COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL EXPORTS GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL OUTPUT GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS GLOBALIZATION GRAIN HOUSEHOLDS IMPACT OF TRADE IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT INCREASES IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORT TARIFF IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INCOME INCOME TAX INEQUALITY INTENSIVE FARMING INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL PRICES INTERVENTION MEASURES ITC LIVESTOCK LOSS OF TARIFF REVENUE MARGINAL COSTS MARKET ACCESS MARKET FAILURES MEAT MEAT PRODUCTS MILK MULTILATERAL TRADE NATIONAL ECONOMY NATIONAL INCOME NEW MARKETS NON-TARIFF BARRIERS PERFECT COMPETITION POLITICAL ECONOMY POVERTY ALLEVIATION PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE DISTORTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRICE FLUCTUATIONS PRIMARY PRODUCTS PRODUCTION STRUCTURES PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROTECTION DATA PROTECTIONISM PUBLIC GOOD RATE QUOTAS RAW MILK REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL INCOME REDUCTION IN TARIFFS REGIONALISM ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS SAVINGS SKILLED WORKERS SUGAR SUGAR CANE TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF LINE TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATE QUOTAS TARIFF REVENUE TARIFF REVENUES TARIFF STRUCTURE TAX TAX RATES TAXATION TERMS OF TRADE TERMS OF TRADE EFFECT TERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS TRADABLE GOODS TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE BALANCE TRADE DISTORTIONS TRADE FLOWS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REFORM TRADE POLICY REFORMS TRADE PREFERENCES TRADE REFORM TRADE TAXES TRANSITION ECONOMIES TREASURY UNEMPLOYMENT UNILATERAL REFORMS UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URUGUAY ROUND VALUE ADDED VALUE OF OUTPUT VEGETABLE OILS VOLUME WAGES WELFARE GAINS WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/788661468330888728/Welfare-and-poverty-effects-of-global-agricultural-and-trade-policies-using-the-Linkage-model http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28155

Description
Summary:	This paper analyzes the economic effects of agricultural price and merchandise trade policies around the world as of 2004 on global markets, net farm incomes, and national and regional economic welfare and poverty, using the global economy wide Linkage model, new estimates of agricultural price distortions for developing countries, and poverty elasticity's approach. It addresses two questions: to what extent are policies as of 2004 still reducing rewards from farming in developing countries and thereby adding to inequality across countries in farm household incomes? Are they depressing value added more in primary agriculture than in the rest of the economy of developing countries, and earnings of unskilled workers more than of owners of other factors of production, thereby potentially contributing to inequality and poverty within developing countries (given that farm incomes are well below non-farm incomes in most developing countries and that agriculture there is intensive in the use of unskilled labor)? Results are presented for the key countries and regions of the world and for the world as a whole. They reveal that, by moving to free markets, income inequality between countries will be reduced at least slightly, all but one-sixth of the gains to developing countries will come from agricultural policy reform, unskilled workers in developing countries the majority of whom work on farms will benefit most from reform, net farm incomes in developing countries will rise by 6 percent compared with 2 percent for non-agricultural value added, and the number of people surviving on less than US$1 a day will drop 3 percent globally.

Welfare and Poverty Effects of Global Agricultural and Trade Policies Using the Linkage Model

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