Description: The Role of Agriculture in a Modernizing Society : Food, Farms and Fields in China 2030

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The Role of Agriculture in a Modernizing Society : Food, Farms and Fields in China 2030

China's success in addressing food problems after adopting the reforms in 1978 has been nothing less than remarkable. Grain output (rice, wheat and maize) has almost doubled and most hunger has been eliminated. Ever since China embarked on its...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Christiaensen, Luc
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:	ACCESS TO FOOD AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL LABOR AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL MARKET AGRICULTURAL MARKETING AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL R&D AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION AGRONOMIC PRACTICES ANIMAL FEED ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANIMAL PRODUCTION ANIMAL PRODUCTS ANIMAL WASTE ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT ANIMALS APPLES AQUACULTURE AQUATIC PRODUCTS AVIAN FLU BARLEY BASIC NEEDS BEEF BRAN BREEDING BULK COMMODITIES CAPITA INCOMES CARBOHYDRATES CASH CROPS CASSAVA CEREAL IMPORTS CEREAL PRICES CEREAL PRODUCTION CEREAL TRADE CEREALS CGIAR CHEMICAL INPUTS CHEMICAL PESTICIDES CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS COMMERCIALIZATION COMMODITY PRICE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITION FOR WATER COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CORN COTTON COTTON PRODUCTION CROP CROP LAND CROP PRODUCTION CROP VARIETIES CROPLAND CROPPING CULTIVATED LAND CULTIVATION DAIRY DAIRY PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIET DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK DRAINAGE ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIES OF SCALE EDIBLE OILS ELASTICITY EXTENSION AGENTS FAMINES FAO FARM FARM ACTIVITIES FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARM LAND FARM STRUCTURES FARMER FARMER COOPERATIVES FARMERS FARMING FARMLAND FARMS FEED GRAINS FEEDS FERTILIZER FERTILIZER USE FERTILIZERS FOOD CHAIN FOOD FOR ALL FOOD GRAINS FOOD INDUSTRY FOOD INSECURITY FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICIES FOOD POLICY FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOOD PRICE INFLATION FOOD PRICES FOOD PROBLEMS FOOD SAFETY FOOD SECURITY FOOD SUPPLIES FOOD SUPPLY FORESTRY FORESTS FRUIT FRUITS GARLIC GDP GENETIC RESOURCES GRAIN GRAIN CROPS GRAIN FARMING GRAIN MARKETING GRAIN PRICES GRAIN PRODUCTION GRAINS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS VALUE GROUND WATER GROUNDNUT GROUNDWATER GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE HAZARDS HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS HORTICULTURE HOUSING HUNGER IFPRI INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE IRRIGATION KITCHEN GARDENS LABOR COSTS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LAND DISTRIBUTION LAND MANAGEMENT LAND PRODUCTIVITY LARGE FARMS LETTUCE LIVELIHOODS LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY MAIZE MAIZE PRODUCTION MEAT MEAT PRODUCTION MILK MILLET MULTIPLE CROPPING MUTTON NATURAL RESOURCES NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY OIL CROPS OIL SEEDS OILSEED OILSEED CAKES OILSEEDS ORCHARDS PASTURES PEPPER PESTICIDE PESTICIDES PLANTING POLLUTION POPULATION GROWTH PORK POTATO POTATOES POULTRY POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCE PRODUCTION COST PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION SYSTEM PRODUCTION SYSTEMS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROTEIN RAPESEED REAL INCOME RESISTANT VARIETIES RICE RICE BRAN RICE FIELDS RICE PRICES RICE PRODUCTION RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL INCOME RURAL ROADS SAFETY ISSUES SAFETY PROBLEMS SEED COMPANIES SESAME SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE SOCIAL SAFETY NETS SOIL DEGRADATION SOIL EROSION SOIL FERTILITY SORGHUM SOYBEAN SOYBEANS SPINACH SUGAR SUGAR BEET SUGAR CROPS SUGARCANE SUNFLOWER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TOBACCO TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TUBERS URBANIZATION VALUE OF OUTPUT VEGETABLE PRODUCTION VEGETABLES VETERINARY DRUGS WAGES WATER RESOURCES WATER SCARCITY WHEAT WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO YIELD LOSSES YIELDS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/799991468220149896/The-role-of-agriculture-in-a-modernizing-society-food-farms-and-fields-in-China-2030 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26882

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Summary:	China's success in addressing food problems after adopting the reforms in 1978 has been nothing less than remarkable. Grain output (rice, wheat and maize) has almost doubled and most hunger has been eliminated. Ever since China embarked on its reform agenda more than 30 years ago, its economic growth and poverty reduction have been nothing less than remarkable. Agriculture has been an important contributor to these developments. Since 1978, China has almost doubled its cereal production (rice, wheat and maize) and it is now feeding 1.3 billion people, or 20 percent of the world's population, while having less than 11 percent of the world s agricultural land and less than 6 percent of its water. New challenges are presenting themselves for China's agriculture, and old ones are resurfacing. High (land saving) Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth and increasingly open domestic and international markets, combined with grain self-sufficiency targets, a multitude of very small, fragmented production structures, and distorted land and labor markets have defined Chinese agriculture over the past three decades. The relative importance of agriculture s three problems in policymaking thus evolves during the course of development away from the food to the farm and field problems. This shift has however recently been compounded by a resurgence of the food problem, as global supplies struggle to keep up with demand. China's agriculture anno 2030 will be predominantly a modern commercial smallholder agriculture that ensures self-sufficiency in cereal food (rice and wheat), but not in cereal feed (maize and soybeans). The sector will maximize rural employment opportunities in labor intensive high value agricultural products and act as a diligent custodian of its precious natural resources.