Description: The Global HIV Epidemics among Men Who Have Sex with Men

The Global HIV Epidemics among Men Who Have Sex with Men

Men who have sex with Men (MSM) are currently at marked risk for HIV infection in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Estimates of HIV prevalence rates h...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Beyrer, Chris, Wirtz, Andrea L., Walker, Damian, Johns, Benjamin, Sifakis, Frangiscos, Baral, Stefan D.
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO CONDOMS ACCESS TO TREATMENT ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME ADULT POPULATION AGE DISTRIBUTION AIDS RELIEF AIDS RESEARCH BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS BIOLOGICAL MEASURES BISEXUAL BISEXUALS BOTH SEXES CIRCUMCISION COCAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY OUTREACH COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION CONDOM CONDOM USE CONDOM USE AMONG MEN COUNSELING INTERVENTION DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION DISEASE DISEASE BURDEN DISEASE CONTROL DISSEMINATION DISTRIBUTION OF CONDOMS DRUG USER DRUGS EFFECTIVE USE EMERGENCY PLAN EPIDEMIC EPIDEMIC SCENARIOS EPIDEMICS EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA EPIDEMIOLOGY EXERCISES FEMALE CONDOMS FEMALE SEX PARTNERS FEMALE SEX WORKERS GAY MEN GENDER EQUALITY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HARM REDUCTION HAZARD HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH PROMOTION HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SYSTEMS HEPATITIS HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS B HEPATITIS B VIRUS HERPES HERPES SIMPLEX HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS HETEROSEXUALS HIV HIV EPIDEMICS HIV INFECTION HIV INFECTIONS HIV PREVALENCE HIV PREVALENCE RATES HIV PREVENTION HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS HIV TESTING HIV TRANSMISSION HIV/AIDS HOMOSEXUALITY HOMOSEXUALS HOSPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN DIGNITY HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS HUMAN RIGHTS IMMUNE DEFICIENCY IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES IMMUNODEFICIENCY IMPACT OF HIV INFECTIOUS DISEASES INJECTING DRUG USE INJECTING DRUG USERS INJECTION DRUG INJECTION DRUG USE INTERCOURSE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LEGAL PROTECTION LEGAL STATUS LESBIANS MALARIA MALE SEX MASS MEDIA MEDICAL RESEARCH MEDICINE MENTAL HEALTH METHADONE MICROBICIDES MINISTRY OF HEALTH NATIONAL AIDS NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL NATIONAL LAWS NEEDLE EXCHANGE NEW INFECTIONS OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS OUTREACH WORKERS PARTNER REDUCTION PEER OUTREACH PERCENT HIV PREVALENCE POLICY MAKERS POPULATION COUNCIL PREVALENCE PREVALENCE RATES PREVENTION AND CARE PREVENTION COMPONENTS PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PROPHYLAXIS PUBLIC HEALTH PURCHASING POWER RECEPTIVE ANAL INTERCOURSE REPRODUCTIVE AGE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RESPECT RISK FACTORS RISK GROUPS RISK POPULATIONS RISK REDUCTION RISK-REDUCTION RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS SCREENING SELF-ESTEEM SERVICE PROVISION SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS SEX SEX BEHAVIOR SEX PRACTICES SEX WITH MEN SEX WORKER SEX WORKERS SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SEXUAL BEHAVIORS SEXUAL MINORITIES SEXUAL ORIENTATION SEXUAL PARTNER SEXUAL PARTNERS SEXUAL PRACTICES SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS SOCIAL JUSTICE STIS SUBSTANCE USE SYNDROMES THERAPY TOLERANCE TREATMENT TREATMENT AND CARE TUBERCULOSIS UNAIDS UNIVERSAL ACCESS UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE URBAN AREAS USE OF CONDOMS USE OF RESOURCES VACCINATION VACCINE VIRUS VOLUNTARY COUNSELING WOMAN WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000386194_20110602055746 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2308

Description
Summary:	Men who have sex with Men (MSM) are currently at marked risk for HIV infection in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Estimates of HIV prevalence rates have been consistently higher among MSM than for the general population of reproductive-age men virtually wherever MSM have been well studied. Although scarce, HIV incidence data support findings of high acquisition and transmission risks among MSM in multiple contexts, cultural settings, and economic levels. Research among MSM in LMICs has been limited by the criminalization and social stigmatization of these behaviors, the safety considerations for study participants, the hidden nature of these populations, and a lack of targeted funding. Available evidence from these countries suggests that structural risks social, economic, political, or legal factors in addition to individual-level risk factors are likely to play important roles in shaping HIV risks and treatment and care options for these men. Services and resources for populations of MSM remain markedly low in many settings. They have limited coverage and access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care services with some estimates suggesting that fewer than one in ten MSM worldwide have access to the most basic package of preventive interventions.

The Global HIV Epidemics among Men Who Have Sex with Men

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