Holdings: Designing Direct Subsidies for Water and Sanitation Services : Panama

Designing Direct Subsidies for Water and Sanitation Services : Panama—A Case Study

As an alternative to traditional subsidy schemes in utility sectors, direct subsidy programs have several advantages: they are transparent, they are explicit, and they minimize distortions of the behavior of both the utility, and the customers. At the same time, defining practical eligibility criter...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Foster, Vivien, Gomez-Lobo, Andres, Halpern, Jonathan
Language:	en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	adequate water administrative procedures average level case study connection charge connection charges connection subsidy contingent valuation cubic metre data analysis data availability data requirements data sources designing policies distributional impact economic behavior economic circumstances economic data efficient use of water empirical analysis expenditures extreme poverty financial sustainability geographical area household income household survey households income income distribution income levels institutional arrangements institutional framework investment subsidies living conditions living standards living standards measurement low-income households management of water measuring poverty municipalities nutrition payment of bills per-capita income policy instruments policy research poor households poor people potable water potable water supply poverty criteria poverty index poverty levels poverty line poverty map poverty trap private sector public health public ownership public utilities public utility public water regulatory agency regulatory framework regulatory frameworks residential customers rural areas sanitation facilities sanitation sector sanitation services savings service provider sewerage bills sewerage companies sewerage infrastructure sewerage network sewerage sector sewerage service sewerage services social groups social policy social sectors targeting performance tariff structure toilet facilities urban areas urban population water companies water consumption water resources water sector water sector reform water services water tariffs water utilities water utility willingness to pay water supply & sanitation subsidies case studies eligibility criteria household consumption administrative costs poverty incidence variable costs target groups beneficiary capacity concessionality design criteria welfare recipients
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21582

Internet

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21582

Designing Direct Subsidies for Water and Sanitation Services : Panama—A Case Study

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