Description: Krueger/Schiff/Valdes Revisited : Agricultural Price and Trade Policy Reform in Developing Countries since 1960

Krueger/Schiff/Valdes Revisited : Agricultural Price and Trade Policy Reform in Developing Countries since 1960

A study of distortions to agricultural incentives in 18 developing countries during 1960-84, by Krueger, Schiff and Valdes (1988; 1991), found that policies in most of those developing countries were directly or indirectly harming their farmers. Si...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Anderson, Kym
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE VALUES ADVANCED ECONOMIES ADVERSE IMPACT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL PRICE AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURE ALLOCATION BALANCE SHEETS BENCHMARK BORDER PRICE CHANGES IN PRICES CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE COMMODITIES COMMODITY COMMODITY PRICE COMMODITY PRICES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES COMPETITIVENESS CONSTANT DOLLARS CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMERS COUNTRY FIXED EFFECTS CURRENCY DATA AVAILABILITY DEREGULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEVELOPING ECONOMIES DOLLAR VALUES DOMESTIC COMPETITION DOMESTIC ECONOMY DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EFFECTS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC WELFARE ECONOMY WIDE MODELING EMERGING ECONOMIES EQUILIBRIUM EQUILIBRIUM PRICE EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT BARRIERS EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORTERS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FIXED EXCHANGE RATE FOOD PRICE FOOD PRICES FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN DEBT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET FREE TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS GLOBAL DEMAND GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL EXPORTS GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL OUTPUT GLOBALIZATION GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GROSS VALUE GROWTH IN DEMAND GROWTH RATE HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES HIGH-INCOME COUNTRY IMPORT IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT PROTECTION IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORT-SUBSTITUTING INDUSTRIALIZATION IMPORT-SUBSTITUTING INDUSTRIALIZATION STRATEGY IMPORTS INCOME INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOMES INDUSTRIALIZATION INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL PRICE INTERNATIONAL PRICES INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICIES INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY LESS DEVELOPED ECONOMIES LIBERALIZATION LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMIC POLICY MARGINAL COSTS MARKET DISTORTIONS MARKET ECONOMIES MARKET EQUILIBRIUM MARKET EQUILIBRIUM PRICE MARKET LIBERALIZATION MERCHANDISE MERCHANDISE TRADE MISALIGNMENT MONOPOLIES MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTIPLE EXCHANGE RATES NATIONAL INCOME OPEN ECONOMY OUTPUT OVERVALUATION OVERVALUED EXCHANGE RATES PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLITICAL ECONOMY POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE COMPARISON PRICE COMPARISONS PRICE DISTORTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRICE ELASTICITIES PRICE HIKE PRICE INCENTIVES PRICE INDEX PRICE SUBSIDIES PRICE TRENDS PRICING POLICY PRIVATIZATION PRODUCER PRICE PROTECTIONISM PURCHASE PRICE REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL EXCHANGE RATES REAL GDP RELATIVE PRICE RELATIVE PRICES RETAIL SINGLE MARKET SLOWDOWN SOCIALIST ECONOMIES STANDARD DEVIATION SUBSIDIZATION SUBSTITUTION TAX TAXATION TRADABLE GOODS TRADE DATA TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE PROTECTION TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE TAX TRADE TAXES TRADING SYSTEM TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNDERESTIMATES UNDERVALUATION URUGUAY ROUND VALUE ADDED VOLATILITY VOLUME OF TRADE WEIGHTS WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD MARKETS WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/01/11604392/kruegerschiffvaldes-revisited-agricultural-price-trade-policy-reform-developing-countries-1960 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19952

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Summary:	A study of distortions to agricultural incentives in 18 developing countries during 1960-84, by Krueger, Schiff and Valdes (1988; 1991), found that policies in most of those developing countries were directly or indirectly harming their farmers. Since the mid-1980s there has been a substantial amount of policy reform and opening up of many developing countries, and indicators of that progress have been made available recently by a new study that has compiled estimates for a much larger sample of developing countries and for as many years as possible since 1955. The new study also covers Europe s transition economies and comparable estimates for high-income countries, thereby covering more than 90 percent of world agricultural output and employment. This paper summarizes the methodology used in the new study (pointing out similarities and differences with those used by the OECD and by Krueger, Schiff and Valdes), compares a synopsis of the indicators from Krueger, Schiff and Valdes and the new study for the period to 1984, summarizes the changing extent of price distortions across countries and commodities globally since then, and concludes by evaluating the degree of distortion reduction over the years since 1984 compared with how much still remains, according to the results of a global economy wide model.

Krueger/Schiff/Valdes Revisited : Agricultural Price and Trade Policy Reform in Developing Countries since 1960

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