Description: Study on Tax Expenditures in Pakistan

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Study on Tax Expenditures in Pakistan

The problems of high fiscal deficit, high current account deficit, and high inflation faced by the government of Pakistan are linked to Pakistan's weak tax revenue effort. There are concerns that revenue in Pakistan is raised in an inefficie...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Ahmed, Ather Maqsood, Ather, Robina
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ACCOUNTING ACCOUNTING STANDARD ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADDED TAX AIR AIR FREIGHT AIR TRANSPORT AIRWAYS ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AMORTIZATION ARREARS AUCTION AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR BANKING SERVICES BENEFICIARIES BROKERAGE BUSES BUSINESS CYCLE CAPITAL GAINS CAPITAL LOSSES CARS CASH WITHDRAWAL CASH WITHDRAWALS CD CELLULAR PHONE CELLULAR PHONES CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS COMMODITIES COMPANY TAX CONCESSIONARY RATE CONCESSIONARY RATES CONSUMER LOANS CORPORATE INCOME TAX CORPORATE TAX CREDIT COEFFICIENT CURRENCY CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT DEBT DEBTS DEDUCTIONS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIESEL DISPOSABLE INCOMES DIVIDENDS DOUBLE TAXATION DOUBLE TAXATION TREATIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM EPZ EQUIPMENT EXCISE DUTY EXCISE TAX EXCLUSION EXPORT EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES EXPORTER EXPORTS FEDERAL TAX FINANCE CORPORATION FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FIXED ASSETS FLAT TAX FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN INVESTMENT FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROWTH RATE HIGHWAY HOLDING HOME MORTGAGE INCOME GROUPS INCOME TAX EXEMPTION INCOME TAXES INCOMES INFLATION INPUT TAX INSURANCE INTANGIBLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS INTANGIBLES INTEREST EXPENSES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INVENTORY INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT JUDGMENT LACK OF TRANSPARENCY LEVY LOAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT MACROECONOMIC DATA MARKET ACCESS MOBILE PHONE MOBILE PHONES MORTGAGE MORTGAGE INTEREST MOTOR CAR MOTOR VEHICLES MUTUAL FUNDS NATURAL DISASTER NEGATIVE SHOCK OUTPUT PASSENGER TRANSPORT PENSION PENSION CONTRIBUTION PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS PENSION FUND PENSIONS PETROLEUM PRODUCTS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRICE DIFFERENTIAL PRIZE BOND PROGRESSIVE TAX PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SPENDING RAILWAY RAPID GROWTH REAL ESTATE REBATES REFORM PROGRAM REMITTANCES RENEWABLE ENERGY RESERVE RIDER ROAD ROYALTIES ROYALTY SALE OF GOODS SALES TAX SALES TAX RATE SALES TAX RATES SECURITIES SHIPPING CONTAINERS SHOCK TO INCOME SINGLE TAX STATE BANK STOCK EXCHANGE STOCK MARKET STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS SUNSET CLAUSE TAX TAX ADMINISTRATION TAX BASE TAX BASES TAX COLLECTION TAX COLLECTIONS TAX COMPLIANCE TAX CONCESSIONS TAX CREDIT TAX CREDITS TAX DEDUCTIBLE TAX DEFERRAL TAX EVASION TAX EXEMPTION TAX EXEMPTIONS TAX EXPENDITURE TAX EXPENDITURES TAX FREE TAX LAW TAX LAWS TAX LIABILITIES TAX LIABILITY TAX MEASURES TAX PAYERS TAX POLICIES TAX POLICY TAX PREFERENCES TAX PROVISION TAX PROVISIONS TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX RECEIPTS TAX REFORM TAX REGIME TAX RETURN TAX RETURNS TAX REVENUE TAX REVENUES TAX SALES TAX STRUCTURE TAX SYSTEM TAX TREATMENT TAXABLE INCOME TAXATION TAXPAYER TAXPAYERS TOLL TRADE DEFICITS TRADE FINANCE TRADING TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION TRUCKS TRUSTS TURNOVER VEHICLE VEHICLES VENTURE CAPITAL VENTURE CAPITALS WITHDRAWAL WITHHOLDING TAX WITHHOLDING TAXES WORLD ECONOMY
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/01/19407058/study-tax-expenditures-pakistan http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18671

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Summary:	The problems of high fiscal deficit, high current account deficit, and high inflation faced by the government of Pakistan are linked to Pakistan's weak tax revenue effort. There are concerns that revenue in Pakistan is raised in an inefficient way by favoring certain sectors and economic activities over others. The assessment of tax expenditures is often complicated because reporting and accounting practices fall far short of what is used for official government expenditures, which makes it difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate the cost, efficiency and distributional impact of tax expenditures. The purpose of the study is to undertake a detailed assessment of tax expenditure in Pakistan, including an appropriate definition and methodologies for measuring tax expenditures. Considerable effort is required to develop and establish a suitable framework to identify, measure and critically assess the merits of tax expenditures on an annual basis. Pakistan is committed to increasing the transparency of tax policy by providing detailed estimates of tax expenditures. This paper provides a detailed assessment of tax expenditures in Pakistan, framework, and a methodology for measuring tax expenditures.