Description: Agriculture Non-Point Source Pollution Control

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Agriculture Non-Point Source Pollution Control

The Chesapeake Bay is the largest and historically most productive estuary in the United States. It is approximately 200 miles long and 35 mile wide at it broadest point. The Bay's watershed includes parts of six states (Delaware, Maryland, Ne...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Cestti, Rita, Srivastava, Jitendra, Jung, Samira
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2013
Subjects:	WATERSHED AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL CROP ROTATION STRIP CROPPING COVER CROPS WATERWAYS WASTE MANAGEMENT POULTRY FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION TREE PLANTING FOREST RESTORATION GRAZING MANAGEMENT SEDIMENT DISCHARGE FARMERS SOIL EROSION LIVESTOCK AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF AGRICULTURAL WATER AIR POLLUTION ALFALFA ANIMAL WASTES ANIMALS ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION BASINS BEANS BENEFICIAL USE BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES BIODIVERSITY BMPS BUFFER ZONES COASTAL EROSION COMPOSTING CONSERVATION CONSERVATION TILLAGE CONTAMINATED WATER CONTROLLED GRAZING CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE CORN COTTON COTTON CROP CROP CROP PRODUCTION CROP PRODUCTION SYSTEMS CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT CROP YIELD CROP YIELDS CROPLAND CROPPING SYSTEM CROPPING SYSTEMS CROPS CULTIVATED LAND DEGRADATION DISCHARGE DISSOLVED OXYGEN DIVERSION DRAINAGE DRINKING WATER ECOLOGY EFFICIENT USE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS EUTROPHICATION EVAPORATION EXOTIC SPECIES FARM FARMS FERTILIZER FERTILIZERS FILTRATION FISH FISHERIES FISHING FLOODPLAINS FRACTURED BEDROCK FRESHWATER FUEL CONSUMPTION GASES GRASSED WATERWAYS GRASSES GROUNDWATER GROUNDWATER SOURCES HABITAT HARVESTING HAY HEAVY RAINFALL HERBICIDES INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IRRIGATION LAND USE LAND USES LEGUMES MANURE MECHANICAL WEEDING MOISTURE MULCH MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER NITRATES NITROGEN NITROGEN REMOVAL NUTRIENT LOADS NUTRIENT REMOVAL NUTRIENTS PARTICLES PARTICULATE PESTICIDE PESTICIDE USE PESTICIDES PHOSPHORUS POINT SOURCE POINT SOURCE POLLUTION POINT SOURCES POLLUTION POLLUTION CONTROL PROJECTS PRECIPITATION PROGRAMS QUALITY CONTROL QUALITY OF WATER RAINFALL RECHARGE RIPARIAN RIPARIAN COUNTRIES RIVERS ROOT SYSTEMS ROOT ZONE RUNOFF WATER SEA SEDIMENT SEDIMENT RETENTION SEDIMENTATION SEDIMENTS SEEDING SEWAGE SLOPING LANDS SOIL TYPE SOILS SPACING SPRING SURFACE RUNOFF SURFACE WATER SURFACE WATER QUALITY SURFACE WATER RUNOFF SURFACE WATERS TOXIC CHEMICALS TREE PLANTINGS UNEP URBAN RUNOFF WASTE WATER POLLUTANTS WATER QUALITY WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT WATER RESOURCE WATER SYSTEM WATER TABLES WATERFOWL WATERS WATERSHEDS WEEDS WETLANDS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/07/2491149/agriculture-non-point-source-pollution-control http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15119

Description
Summary:	The Chesapeake Bay is the largest and historically most productive estuary in the United States. It is approximately 200 miles long and 35 mile wide at it broadest point. The Bay's watershed includes parts of six states (Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and the entire District of Columbia. This area encompasses 64,000 square-miles, 150 major rivers and streams and has a population of 15.1 million people. It receives half of its water from the Atlantic Ocean; the rest from rivers, streams and groundwater sources. Fifty percent of the freshwater coming into the Bay comes from the Susquehanna River, which starts in New York State and flows through Pennsylvania and Maryland. The Chesapeake Bay supports 3,600 species of plants, fish and animals. It is home to 29 species of waterfowl, a major resting ground along the Atlantic Migratory Bird Flyway, and provides winter nesting for over one million waterfowl. After years of decline, the Bay still supports number of commercial and recreational fisheries, producing about 500 million pounds of seafood per annum. Over the years as its population the watershed grew, use of agricultural chemicals became widespread and livestock numbers increased, the water quality in the Bay declined. Nutrients, sediments and toxic chemicals flowing into the Bay were decreasing dissolved oxygen, increasing turbidity, killing-off sea grasses and producing diseases in fish and shellfish. Research undertaken in the late 1970s and early 1980s determined that the major culprits responsible for the decline of the Chesapeake Bay's health were the excess nutrient loads from municipal wastewater plants and from agriculture and residential lands, the sediment runoff from agricultural and residential construction, and the high level of toxic chemicals coming from industry and agriculture.