Description: Poverty Reduction : Does Reproductive Health Matter?

Poverty Reduction : Does Reproductive Health Matter?

Funding for the reproductive health agenda agreed at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development has fallen short of estimated requirements. In the changed funding environment, stronger evidence on the links between reproductive...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Greene, Margaret E., Merrick, Thomas
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013
Subjects:	ABORTION ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES ACCESS TO RESOURCES ADOLESCENT ADOLESCENT FERTILITY ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ADULT MORTALITY ADVERSE EFFECTS ADVERSE HEALTH AGE AGING AIDS ANALYSIS ANNUAL INCOME ASSET INDEX AVERAGE CONSUMPTION BIRTH BIRTHS BOYS BUDGETARY SUPPORT CAPITAL FORMATION CAUSAL LINKAGES CAUSAL LINKS CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS CHILD BEARING CHILD HEALTH CHILD MORTALITY CHILD NUTRITION CHILDREN CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION POVERTY CONTRACEPTION CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE CONTRACEPTIVE USE COST OF TREATMENT CRIME DEBT DEBT RELIEF DEMOGRAPHICS DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PROCESS DISASTERS EARLY CHILDBEARING EARLY PREGNANCY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC CHANGE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EFFECTS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPACT ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMICS ECONOMIES ECONOMISTS EDUCATION EFFECTS EFFICIENCY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ESCAPE POVERTY EXTREME POVERTY FAMILIES FAMILY PLANNING FAMILY WELFARE FINANCIAL SUPPORT GIRLS GOODS GROWTH RATE HEALTH HEALTH CARE HEALTH EFFECTS HEALTH ISSUES HEALTH NEEDS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH PROBLEM HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HEALTH SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS ILL HEALTH INCOME INDICATORS INDIVIDUAL AUTHOR INDIVIDUAL LEVEL INFECTIOUS DISEASES INFORMATION INJURIES INPUTS INSURANCE INTEREST INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION INVESTMENT INVESTMENTS KNOWLEDGE LABOR LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LAND LIVING STANDARDS LONG TERM MALARIA MALNUTRITION MATERNAL HEALTH MATERNAL MORTALITY MEASUREMENT MEDICAL COSTS MODELS MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RISKS MOTHERS NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL LEVELS NATIONAL RESEARCH NATURAL RESOURCES NEED NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL STATUS OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS OPTIONS ORGANIZATIONS PARENTS PER-CAPITA INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POOR COUNTRIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION SIZE POVERTY POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PREGNANCIES PREGNANCY PREVENTION PRICES PRODUCTION PRODUCTIVITY PROJECTS PUBLIC HEALTH RADIO REDUCING POVERTY RELATIVE IMPORTANCE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH APPROACH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS REPRODUCTIVE TRACT REPRODUCTIVE TRACT INFECTIONS RESEARCH RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETIREMENT RISK RISKS SAFE ABORTION SAFE DELIVERY SAFE SEX SAFETY SAVINGS SERVICE DELIVERY SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS SIBLINGS SOCIAL CONTEXT SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INCLUSION SOCIAL SERVICES STANDARDS STRATEGY SUPPLY TAKING TRADE UNINTENDED PREGNANCY UNSAFE ABORTION UNWANTED PREGNANCIES USE OF HEALTH SERVICES VALUE VALUES VIOLENCE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN WAGES WOMEN WORKERS YOUNG ADULT YOUNGER SIBLINGS YOUTH
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/07/6239221/poverty-reduction-reproductive-health-matter http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13722

Description
Summary:	Funding for the reproductive health agenda agreed at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development has fallen short of estimated requirements. In the changed funding environment, stronger evidence on the links between reproductive health and poverty reduction is needed. This paper reviews the evidence base on three reproductive health outcomes: early childbearing, maternal survival, and unintended pregnancy. Building on the "capacities" approach to poverty assessment advocated by Amartya Sen, this evidence is organized in a framework that includes health and education outcomes for mothers and children, as well as household consumption, and production effects. Generally speaking, the evidence on health effects is strongest, household well-being weakest, and education in between. Causal relationships are difficult to establish because reproductive health outcomes and other household-level explanatory variables are influenced by each other. An important finding is that relationships are context specific and that one cannot look at individual characteristics without reference to contextual variables. One reason why much existing research has not effectively addressed the effects of poor reproductive health on poverty is that studies have relied on survey data for a single point in time. Longitudinal surveys offer greater promise. Rather than propose new surveys, initial research could work with existing data resources. Research should focus on a country or countries where 1) there has been social and economic change over time, 2) rich-poor differences in reproductive health outcomes persist, and, 3) obtaining and working with promising datasets is feasible. Pursuit of causal relationships between poor reproductive health outcomes and poverty should not paralyze efforts to make better use of existing country-level evidence in Poverty Reduction Strategies and other documents that guide resource allocation.

Poverty Reduction : Does Reproductive Health Matter?

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