| Summary: | One of the essential instruments designed for achieving the goals of sharia in Islam is fiscal policy. There are some key elements of Islamic fiscal theory, namely: 1) Islamic Economics, which comprises private sector, social/ voluntary sector, and public sector. The collaboration of these three sectors would provide an ideal Islamic economic institutional framework; 2) Zakat (taxation of income and wealth of a Muslim) as the basis of fiscal system; 3) Implementation of all fiscal instruments which disallow exploitation that results in usury (riba), uncertainty (gharar ), speculation, sinful (haram) products / services and all forms of meanness. 4) Allocation, distribution and stabilization functions of Islamic economics is administered and presented through all the sectors cooperatively; 5) Public sector does not affect significantly yet essential on condition that it works continuously to ensure optimum allocation of society resources, income distribution, and stability establishing
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