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Beyond Data : Human Rights, Ethical and Social Impact Assessment in AI.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Mantelero, Alessandro.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2022.
Edition:1st ed.
Series:Information Technology and Law Series
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • About the Author
  • 1 Beyond Data
  • Abstract
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Rise and Fall of Individual Sovereignty Over Data Use
  • 1.3 Reconsidering Self-determination: Towards a Safe Environment
  • 1.4 A Paradigm Shift: The Focus on Risk Assessment
  • 1.5 HRESIA: A Multi-layered Process
  • 1.6 The Role of Experts
  • 1.7 Assessing the Impact of Data-Intensive AI Applications: HRESIA Versus PIA/DPIA, SIA and EtIA
  • 1.8 The HRESIA and Collective Dimension of Data Use
  • 1.9 Advantages of the Proposed Approach
  • 1.10 Summary
  • References
  • 2 Human Rights Impact Assessment and AI
  • Abstract
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 A Legal Approach to AI-Related Risks
  • 2.3 Human Rights Impact Assessment of AI in the HRESIA Model
  • 2.3.1 Planning and Scoping
  • 2.3.2 Data Collection and the Risk Analysis Methodology
  • 2.4 The Implementation of the Model
  • 2.4.1 A Case Study on Consumer Devices Equipped with AI
  • 2.4.1.1 Planning and Scoping
  • 2.4.1.2 Initial Risk Analysis and Assessment
  • 2.4.1.3 Results of the Initial Assessment
  • 2.4.1.4 Mitigation Measures and Re-assessment
  • 2.4.2 A Large-Scale Case Study: Smart City Government
  • 2.5 Summary
  • References
  • 3 The Social and Ethical Component in AI Systems Design and Management
  • Abstract
  • 3.1 Beyond Human Rights Impact Assessment
  • 3.1.1 The Socio-ethical Framework: Uncertainty, Heterogeneity and Context Dependence
  • 3.1.2 The Risk of a 'Transplant' of Ethical Values
  • 3.1.3 Embedding Ethical and Societal Values
  • 3.1.4 The Role of the Committee of Experts: Corporate Case Studies
  • 3.2 Existing Models in Medical Ethics and Research Committees
  • 3.2.1 Clinical Ethics Committees
  • 3.2.2 Research Ethics Committees
  • 3.2.3 Ethics Committees for Clinical Trials
  • 3.2.4 Main Inputs in Addressing Ethical and Societal Issues in AI.
  • 3.3 Ad Hoc HRESIA Committees: Role, Nature, and Composition
  • 3.4 Rights-Holder Participation and Stakeholder Engagement
  • 3.5 Summary
  • References
  • 4 Regulating AI
  • Abstract
  • 4.1 Regulating AI: Three Different Approaches to Regulation
  • 4.2 The Principles-Based Approach
  • 4.2.1 Key Principles from Personal Data Regulation
  • 4.2.1.1 Primacy of the Human Being
  • 4.2.1.2 Human Control and Oversight
  • 4.2.1.3 Participation and Democratic Oversight on AI Development
  • 4.2.1.4 Transparency and Intelligibility
  • 4.2.1.5 Precautionary Approach and Risk Management
  • 4.2.1.6 Accountability
  • 4.2.1.7 Data Minimisation and Data Quality
  • 4.2.1.8 Role of Experts and Participation
  • 4.2.1.9 Algorithm Vigilance
  • 4.2.2 Key Principles from Biomedicine Regulation
  • 4.2.2.1 Primacy of the Human Being
  • 4.2.2.2 Equitable Access to Health Care
  • 4.2.2.3 Acceptability
  • 4.2.2.4 Principle of Beneficence
  • 4.2.2.5 Private Life and Right to Information
  • 4.2.2.6 Professional Standards
  • 4.2.2.7 Non-discrimination
  • 4.2.2.8 Role of Experts
  • 4.2.2.9 Public Debate
  • 4.2.3 A Contribution to a Future Principles-Based Regulation of AI
  • 4.3 From Design to Law - The European Approaches and the Regulatory Paradox
  • 4.3.1 The Council of Europe's Risk-Based Approach Centred on Human Rights, Democracy and Rule of Law
  • 4.3.2 The European Commission's Proposal (AIA) and Its Conformity-Oriented Approach
  • 4.4 The HRESIA Model's Contribution to the Different Approaches
  • 4.5 Summary
  • References
  • 5 Open Issues and Conclusions
  • Abstract
  • 5.1 Addressing the Challenges of AI
  • 5.2 The Global Dimension of AI
  • 5.3 Future Scenarios
  • References
  • Index.

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