Energy-Efficient and Semi-Automated Truck Platooning : Research and Evaluation.
| Main Author: | |
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| Other Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cham :
Springer International Publishing AG,
2022.
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| Edition: | 1st ed. |
| Series: | Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure Series
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Foreword by Richard Bishop
- Foreword by Michael Nikowitz
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Contents
- Editors and Contributors
- Part I Contextualising Truck Platooning
- 1 Connecting Austria Project Outline
- 1.1 Connecting Austria in a Nutshell
- 1.2 Connecting Austria's Objectives
- 1.3 Technology Domains of Connecting Austria and the Planned Testing Procedure
- 1.4 Connecting Austria Use Cases
- 1.4.1 Use Case 1: Trucks Entering the Motorway
- 1.4.2 Use Case 2: Truck Platoon Approaching a Hazardous Location
- 1.4.3 Use Case 3: Truck Platoon Leaving the Motorway
- 1.4.4 Use Case 4: Truck Platoon Crossing an Intersection
- 1.5 Challenges, International Uniqueness and Discussion
- 2 Truck Platooning Worldwide
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Opportunities and Challenges of Truck Platooning
- 2.2.1 Interoperability
- 2.2.2 Road Safety and Traffic Efficiency
- 2.2.3 Operation Costs and Fuel Consumption
- 2.2.4 Reduction of CO2 Emissions
- 2.2.5 Shortage of Professional Drivers
- 2.2.6 New Requirements for Vehicles and the Infrastructure
- 2.3 Conclusion
- References
- 3 Towards Truck Platooning Deployment Requirements
- 3.1 Requirements Related to Energy Efficient Truck Platooning
- 3.2 User and Other Road User Requirements
- 3.2.1 Truck Driver-Related Requirements
- 3.2.2 Other Road User-Related Requirements
- 3.3 Road Safety Requirements
- 3.4 Technical Requirements Related to C-ITS
- 3.5 Conclusion
- References
- 4 Research Design and Evaluation Strategies for Automated Driving
- 4.1 Benefits of Automated Driving
- 4.1.1 Requirements Conflict Efficiency Versus Safety
- 4.1.2 Requirements Conflict Safety Versus Comfort
- 4.1.3 Requirements Conflict Comfort Versus Effectiveness
- 4.1.4 Requirements Conflict Comfort Versus Efficiency
- 4.1.5 Requirements Conflict Traffic Versus Vehicle Efficiency.
- 4.2 Entities with Effects on Automated Driving Performance
- 4.3 Additional Sources of Complexity
- 4.4 Development Procedures
- 4.5 Solution Concept
- 4.5.1 Scenario-Based Approach and Stochastic Simulation
- 4.5.2 Big Data Analytics and Machine Learning
- 4.5.3 Incident and Anomalies Detection
- 4.5.4 Naturalistic Driving and Behavioural Models
- 4.5.5 Effectiveness Rating
- 4.5.6 Cosimulation and Virtual Sensors
- 4.5.7 Complexity and Robustness Management
- References
- Part II Assessment Methodologies and Their Application
- 5 Truck Platoon Slipstream Effects Assessment
- 5.1 Computational Setup
- 5.1.1 Model Geometry and Virtual Wind Tunnel
- 5.1.2 Boundary Conditions
- 5.1.3 Heat Exchanger Model
- 5.1.4 Mesh Generation for Simulation
- 5.1.5 Flow Field Computation
- 5.2 Simulation Results and Discussion
- 5.2.1 Drag Coefficients
- 5.2.2 Fuel Savings
- 5.2.3 Mass Flow Through Heat Exchangers
- 5.3 Conclusion
- References
- 6 Validation of Truck Platoon Slipstream Effects
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Materials and Methods
- 6.2.1 Proving Ground
- 6.2.2 Heavy-Duty Vehicles
- 6.2.3 Sensors
- 6.2.4 Measurement Campaigns
- 6.2.5 Static Pressure
- 6.2.6 Data Preprocessing
- 6.3 Results
- 6.3.1 Static Pressure
- 6.3.2 Fuel Consumption
- 6.3.3 Comparison to Simulation Results
- 6.4 Discussion
- 6.4.1 Instrumentation
- 6.4.2 Measurement Campaign
- 6.4.3 Lessons Learned
- References
- 7 Simulation of Platoon Dynamics, Optimisation and Traffic Effects
- 7.1 Methodology for Scenario-Based Analysis
- 7.1.1 Traffic Detection
- 7.1.2 Naturalistic Driving and Field Operational Tests
- 7.1.3 Traffic Modelling
- 7.1.4 Development of Functions by Scenario Management
- 7.1.5 Evaluation and Analysis of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
- 7.1.6 Adaptation and Learning.
- 7.2 Integral Safety and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ISS/ADAS)
- 7.2.1 Use Case-Based Representation of Requirements
- 7.2.2 System and Component Rating
- 7.2.3 Data Mapping, Representativeness of Use Cases
- References
- 8 Platoon Control Concepts
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Methodology Overview
- 8.3 Co-simulation-Based Validation
- 8.3.1 String Stability Considerations
- 8.4 Trajectory Optimisation Methodology
- 8.4.1 Optimisation Problem Formulation
- 8.4.2 Trajectory Optimisation for Approaching a Hazardous Location
- 8.4.3 Trajectory Optimisation for Crossing an Intersection
- 8.5 Distributed Model-Predictive Platoon Control
- 8.5.1 Safe-by-Design Local MPC Formulation
- 8.5.2 Validation of Collision Safety via Co-simulation
- 8.5.3 Safe Reduction of Inter-vehicle Distances
- 8.5.4 Situation-Aware Platoon Behaviour via V2V-Communication
- 8.5.5 Consideration of Varying Road Conditions
- 8.6 Conclusion
- References
- 9 Scenario-Based Simulation Studies on Platooning Effects in Traffic
- 9.1 Intersection Scenarios
- 9.1.1 Green Time Extension
- 9.1.2 Coordinated Drive-Away
- 9.1.3 Optimisation of Speeds and Distances Inside the Platoon
- 9.2 Application of Analytic Approaches: Highway Throughput Based on Platooning Headway
- 9.2.1 Analytical Models for the Traffic Throughput
- 9.2.2 Stochastic Variations
- 9.3 Theoretical Lower Limits on Intra-platoon Distance
- 9.3.1 Scenario Definition
- 9.3.2 Evaluation of KPIs
- 10 Energy-Efficient Internet of Things Solution for Traffic Monitoring
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Low Energy Internet of Things Traffic Monitoring System
- 10.2.1 Real-Time Object Detection
- 10.2.2 Sensor Fusion and Object Tracking
- 10.2.3 Traffic Flow Estimation
- 10.3 Traffic Flow Measurement Result
- 10.4 Discussion
- 10.5 Conclusion and Outlook
- References.
- 11 Fuel Efficiency Assessment
- 11.1 Road Infrastructure Assessment
- 11.1.1 Risk-Rated Map
- 11.2 Driving Behaviour Assessment
- 11.3 Efficiency Assessment
- 11.3.1 General Feasibility of Platooning on a Road Segment
- 11.3.2 Economic Viability of Platooning on a Road Segment
- 11.4 Conclusion
- 12 Application of Fuel Efficiency and Traffic Efficiency Assessment
- 12.1 Fuel Efficiency Assessment in a Fleet Operator Case
- 12.2 Traffic Efficiency Assessment
- 12.3 C-ITS Assessment for Dynamic Traffic Control
- 12.4 Conclusion
- Reference
- Part III Towards Cooperative Truck Platooning Deployment
- 13 Road Safety Issues Related to Truck Platooning Deployment
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Legal Aspects for Platooning in Austria
- 13.2.1 Acquiring a Test Permission According to the Austrian Regulation on Automated Driving
- 13.2.2 Does the Current Law Facilitate Testing of Platoons on Austrian Roads?
- 13.2.3 Requirements for Platooning Tests in Austria from a Legal Point of View
- 13.3 Considerations for the Safety Potential of Platooning
- 13.3.1 Safety Potential of Platooning Compared to Existing Safety Assistance Systems
- 13.4 Assessment of Road Infrastructure with Respect to Safe Platooning
- 13.4.1 Performance of the On-Road Assessment
- 13.4.2 Analysis of Road Segments and Considerations for Platooning
- 13.5 Gap Acceptance of Car Drivers for Merging Between Trucks
- 13.6 Discussion
- References
- 14 Business Models, Economy and Innovation
- 14.1 Key Aspects of a Truck Platooning Business Model from a Road Operator's Perspective
- 14.2 Trend Monitoring as a Key Feature for Business Model Development and Innovation
- 14.2.1 Relevance of Trend Monitoring for Business Model Development
- 14.2.2 Applying Trend Monitoring in the Context of Logistics and Automated Driving.
- 14.2.3 Implications for Business Model Development Related to Logistics and Automated Driving
- 14.3 Discussion and Conclusion
- References
- 15 Advanced Powertrain Systems for Platooning-Capable Trucks
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 -Emission Reduction by Different Application Domains
- 15.3 Ultra-low Emissions on Highways and Zero Emissions in Cities
- 15.4 Get the Right Infrastructure for Vehicle Energy Supply
- 15.5 Different Topologies for Truck Drives
- 15.5.1 Truck Propulsion Systems for Highway Domain
- 15.5.2 Truck Propulsion Systems for Urban Domain
- 15.6 Importance of Thermal Management Concepts for Truck Drives
- 15.6.1 Motivation
- 15.6.2 Materials and Methods
- 15.6.3 Results
- 15.6.4 Discussion
- 15.7 Cooling Concepts on the Example of H 2 Driven Trucks
- 15.8 Outlook
- References
- 16 How Platooning Research Enhances the European Innovation System
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Digital Road Infrastructure Leveraging ITS Systems in Europe
- 16.2.1 Selected Elements of the Current Situation
- 16.2.2 Potential Drivers of Socio-technical Transitions Ahead
- 16.2.3 Particular Demanding Situations for a European Innovation System
- 16.2.4 New Roles for Stakeholders
- 16.2.5 Dynamically Evolving Legal Framework
- 16.3 Discrepancy Between Customer Requirements and Eco-friendly Transport Logistics
- 16.3.1 Technical, Legal, and Social Aspects of C-ITS
- 16.3.2 Critical Discussion of C-ITS and the Needs of Society
- 16.4 Jointly Building Absorptive Capacity in Europe's Innovation System
- References
- 17 Discussion
- 17.1 Traffic Safety and Legal Issues
- 17.2 Sustainability
- 17.3 Truck Platooning Deployment
- 17.4 Some Limitations and Cultural Blind Spots
- Correction to: Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning.
- Correction to: A. Schirrer et al. (eds.), Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning, Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88682-0.