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Guidebook to Carbon Neutrality in China : Macro and Industry Trends under New Constraints.

Bibliographic Details
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Singapore : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2022.
Edition:1st ed.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Foreword
  • Peak Volume of Carbon Emissions: Careful Estimation is Essential
  • Forming a Carbon Market and Determining Carbon Price
  • Priority and Structural Optimization
  • The Use of the CGE Model
  • Emphasis on Green Governance
  • Preface: Economics of Carbon Neutrality: Some Thoughts on the Coming Transformations
  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis with a Clear Objective
  • Correcting Externality: What Carbon Prices Can and Cannot Do?
  • Green Premium: A More Practical Tool for Analysis
  • Technological Advances and Social Governance
  • Green Finance: Correct Versus Incorrect Perceptions
  • New Landscape in International Cooperation and Competition
  • Stagflation or New Opportunity: Thoughts About Market Economy in Reality
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • 1 Exploring the Road to Carbon Neutrality
  • 1.1 Seeking a Peak: 9.9-10.8bn Tonnes of Net Carbon Emissions
  • 1.2 Structural Path: Analysis Based on Green Premium
  • 1.3 Four Scenarios: General Equilibrium Analysis Under CGE Model
  • 1.3.1 Model Data
  • 1.3.2 Scenario Assumptions
  • 1.3.3 BAU Scenario
  • 1.3.4 Carbon Tax Scenario (M1)
  • 1.3.5 Carbon Trading Scenario (M2)
  • 1.3.6 Carbon Tax + Carbon Trading + Technological Progress Scenario (M3)
  • 1.3.7 Sensitivity Analysis of Technology Curve
  • 1.3.8 Sensitivity Analysis of Carbon Tax
  • 1.4 Road to Carbon Neutrality = Technology + Carbon Pricing + Social Governance
  • 2 Balancing Efficiency and Fairness: Kaldor-Hicks Improvement?
  • 2.1 Three Approaches to Achieving Carbon Neutrality: Innovation is the Key
  • 2.1.1 Carbon Neutrality Cannot Be Achieved Through "zero-sum game"
  • 2.1.2 Approach 1: Raising Carbon Price to Internalize External Costs
  • 2.1.3 Approach 2: Accelerating Innovation to Fundamentally Alter Mode of Production
  • 2.1.4 Multiple Barriers to Eco-Innovation
  • 2.1.5 Innovation-Related Policy Suggestions.
  • 2.1.6 Approach 3: Improving the Social Governance System and Encouraging Emission Reduction Among the General Public
  • 2.2 Issues Related to Fairness
  • 2.2.1 Distribution of Income
  • 2.2.2 How to Share the Cost of Emission Reduction Among Industries and Regions?
  • 3 The Capacity of Carbon Pricing Mechanism
  • 3.1 Unified Carbon Price: Social Cost or Net Social Cost?
  • 3.2 Green Premium and the Choice of Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
  • 3.2.1 Pigou Versus Coase: Similarities and Differences Between Carbon Tax and Carbon Market
  • 3.2.2 Carbon Pricing from the Perspective of Green Premium: Carbon Market to Be the Mainstay, with Carbon Tax as a Complement
  • 3.2.3 Establishing a Carbon Market Trading Mechanism with Auctions and Futures at the Core
  • 3.3 What Carbon Market Can and Cannot Do: Regional Transfer of Pollutants Under Carbon Trading
  • 3.3.1 Social Governance: A Policy Instrument to Lower Green Premium in Addition to Carbon Pricing
  • 3.3.2 Mandatory Policies Can Be Used to Regulate Waste of Financial Resources as Seen in Bitcoin Mining
  • 3.3.3 Advocacy Policies as Necessary Move to Control Waste of Resources in the Real Economy
  • 4 Green Finance: Clarifying Functions and Capacity
  • 4.1 Green Finance: Serving or Guiding the Real Economy?
  • 4.2 Green Finance in China
  • 4.3 How Much Investment is Needed to Achieve Carbon Neutrality?
  • 4.3.1 Bottom-up Analysis of China's Demand for Green Investment
  • 4.3.2 Aggregate Investment Demand and Structural Features
  • 4.4 New Targets Bring in New Challenges. What Are the Weaknesses in China's Green Finance?
  • 4.4.1 Mismatch Between Supply and Demand in Green Investment
  • 4.4.2 Lack of Widely Accepted Green Standards
  • 4.4.3 Defects in Green-Information Disclosure System
  • 4.4.4 Weak Guidance from Financial Institutions.
  • 4.5 Turning Challenges into Opportunities: How to Address the Weaknesses in China's Green Finance?
  • 4.5.1 Setting a Unified Green Standard in China
  • 4.5.2 Establishing a Binding Green-Information Disclosure Mechanism
  • 4.5.3 Improving Incentive Policy to Boost the Overall Development of Green Financial Market
  • 4.5.4 Strengthening Education of Green Concept
  • Financial Institutions Offering Both Services and Guidance
  • 4.5.5 Incorporating Environmental Risks into Prudential Regulations
  • 5 Green Technology: From Quantity to Quality
  • 5.1 Technological Breakthrough and Carbon Neutrality
  • 5.1.1 Why Do We Need a Technological Breakthrough?
  • 5.1.2 What Can Become Carbon Neutral by Technological Advances and What Cannot?
  • 5.1.3 What Are the Technological Routes for the Carbon Neutrality Initiative? What Are the Constraints?
  • 5.2 Cost is a Touchstone for the Development of Technology
  • 5.2.1 What Kind of Technologies Are Capable of Reaching Emission Peak and Carbon-Neutral as Planned? What Are the Differences in the Choices of Various Technological Routes?
  • 5.2.2 Three Measures to Reduce the Cost of Developing Energy Technologies
  • 5.3 Existing and Potential Technologies for Net Zero Carbon Emissions and Carbon Neutrality Initiatives
  • 5.3.1 Technologies to Help Cut CO2 Emissions Focus on Reducing Energy Consumption and Shifting to Energy Technologies that Produce Lower CO2 Emissions
  • 5.3.2 Carbon-Neutral Technologies: Technologies that Help Achieve Zero-Carbon and Negative-Carbon Emissions
  • 5.4 "Photovoltaic + Energy Storage", Hydrogen Energy, and Carbon Capture Becoming the Main Technological Routes
  • 5.4.1 The Main and Auxiliary Technological Routes for the Carbon Neutrality Initiative
  • 5.4.2 The Main Technological Route for the Carbon Neutrality Initiative in the Power Industry.
  • 5.5 Policy Suggestions: Enhancing Technology R&amp
  • D Protection
  • Supporting the Industrialization of New Technologies
  • 5.5.1 Technologies that May Develop More Rapidly Than Expected
  • 5.5.2 Technologies that May Develop More Slowly Than Expected
  • 6 Green Energy: A New Chapter in China
  • 6.1 Overview of China's Current Energy Structure
  • 6.1.1 Energy Sector Produces Nearly 90% of Carbon Emissions in China
  • Building Green Energy Supply System is Top Priority
  • 6.1.2 Total Energy Demand May Increase Under Steady Economic Growth Despite Decline in Energy Consumption Per Unit of GDP
  • 6.1.3 Carbon Emissions Reduction is Difficult to Achieve Under Current Energy Structure
  • The Country Needs Stronger Top-Down Planning and Policy Support
  • 6.2 Start from More Feasible Methods to Achieve Energy Transition Through More Economical Ways
  • 6.3 Lowering Costs to Raise Non-fossil Fuels' Proportion in Power Generation
  • 6.3.1 Calculation of Green Premiums in Power Sector
  • 6.3.2 Power Generation: Non-fossil Energy's Lower Costs Per kWh Fuels Transition to Cleaner Energy Mix
  • 6.3.3 Absorption: Complementary Multi-energy System Minimizes Absorption Costs
  • 6.4 Non-power Sector: Electrification, Hydrogen Power and Carbon Capture Fuel Energy Transition
  • 6.4.1 China's Electrification Rate Will Likely Reach 70%
  • The Remaining 30% Demand Requires Non-electric Power and Other Energy Resources Supported by New Technologies to Achieve Carbon Neutrality
  • 6.4.2 Non-power Sector: Hydrogen Power and Carbon Capture is Feasible Technology Solution to Carbon Neutrality
  • 6.4.3 Other Energy Resources Adopted Carbon Capture and Hydrogen Power to Meet 22% and 8% Energy Demand in 2060
  • 6.4.4 Costs and Green Premiums of Non-power Carbon Neutrality Solutions.
  • 6.5 Policy Recommendation: Power System Reform Accelerates Non-fossil Energy Absorption and Helps the Development of Hydrogen Power
  • 6.5.1 Policy Recommendation for the Power Sector: Stabilize New Energy Absorption
  • 6.5.2 Policy Recommendation for Non-power Sector: Building Supporting System for Carbon Reduction
  • Establishing Reward and Penalty System to Fuel Clean Energy Development
  • 7 Green Manufacturing: Carbon Emissions Reduction Roadmap of Carbon Intensive Sectors
  • 7.1 Cost of Zero Emissions: Analyzing the Carbon Neutrality Roadmaps of Manufacturing Industries from Perspective of Green Premiums
  • 7.2 Steel Industry: Mature Emission Reduction Path with Electric Arc Furnace Gradually Demonstrating Advantages
  • 7.2.1 Industry Green Premium: Cost for the Steel Industry to Achieve Carbon Neutrality at the Current Stage
  • 7.2.2 Technology Roadmaps for Carbon Emissions Reduction in the Steel Industry
  • 7.2.3 Lowering the Green Premium: Will the Steel Industry Achieve Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality as Planned?
  • 7.3 Cement Industry: Achieving Carbon Neutrality is Difficult. Demand and Cost of Carbon Capture are the Key
  • 7.3.1 Industry Green Premium: Cost of Achieving Carbon Neutrality at Current Stage for Cement Industry
  • 7.3.2 Technology Roadmaps for Carbon Emissions Reduction in the Cement Industry
  • 7.3.3 Lowering the Green Premium: Feasible Paths to Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality in the Cement Industry
  • 7.4 Aluminum Industry: The Decarbonization of Electricity is the Key to Carbon Neutrality
  • 7.4.1 Industry Green Premium: Cost for the Aluminum Industry to Achieve Carbon Neutrality at the Current Stage
  • 7.4.2 Technology Roadmap for Carbon Emissions Reduction in the Aluminum Industry
  • 7.4.3 Lowering the Green Premium: A Feasible Path for Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality in the Aluminum Industry.
  • 7.5 Chemical Industry: When Carbon Negative Becomes Possible.

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