Outcomes of Open Adoption from Care : An Australian Contribution to an International Debate.
| Main Author: | |
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| Other Authors: | , , |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cham :
Springer International Publishing AG,
2021.
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| Edition: | 1st ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Outcomes of Open Adoption from Care
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Executive Summary
- Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- 1: Introduction: International Issues and Debates Concerning Adoption
- Introduction
- Domestic Adoptions from Care
- Characteristics and Vulnerabilities of Children Adopted from Care
- Long-Term Consequences of Abuse and Neglect
- Adverse Childhood Experiences
- Parents' Problems
- Outcomes of Out-of-Home Care
- Outcomes of Adoption from Care Versus Long-Term Foster Care
- Stability
- 'Belonging' and the Transition to Adulthood
- Developmental Outcomes
- Transparency
- Adoption in Australia
- Barnardos Find-a-Family Programme
- Key Features of the Find-a-Family Programme
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children
- Post-adoption Support
- Open Adoption from Care Research Project
- Methodology
- Potential Bias of Core Follow-Up Sample
- Strengths and Weaknesses of the Research
- Theoretical Framework
- Conclusion
- References
- Part I: Birth Parents, Adoptive Parents and Children When They Entered Their Adoptive Homes
- 2: Issues Facing the Birth Parents and Their Implications for Open Adoption
- Introduction
- Birth Parents
- Birth Parents' Relationships
- Factors That Affected Parenting Capacity
- Parents' Previous Experiences
- Birth Parents' Problems at Time of Adoption Order
- Consent to Adoption
- Contested Adoptions
- Implications for Open Adoption
- Changes over Time
- Conclusion
- References
- 3: The Children
- Introduction
- Children's Characteristics
- Ethnicity
- Health Conditions and Disabilities Prior to Adoption
- Additional Support Needs
- Comparisons with Other Populations
- Children's Experiences Before Separation from Birth Families
- Reasons for Separation
- Adverse Childhood Experiences
- Age at Notification.
- Months Between Notification and Separation
- Age at Separation from Birth Families
- Months Between First Separation and Permanent Placement with Adoptive Parents
- Age at Reaching Final Placement
- Children's Experiences Between First Separation from Birth Parents and Permanent Placement with an Adoptive Family
- Children's Vulnerability at Entry to Adoptive Homes
- Experiences of Loss
- Changes over Time
- Identifying Children with Different Levels of Vulnerability
- Conclusion
- References
- 4: The Adoptive Parents
- Introduction
- Adoptive Parents
- Age and Experience
- Relationships
- Informal Support
- Material Circumstances
- Employment
- Children in the Home
- Sibling Groups
- Motivation
- Conclusion
- References
- Part II: Outcomes of Open Adoption from Care
- 5: Permanence
- Introduction
- Legal and Residential Permanence
- Adoptees No Longer Living at Home
- Comparison with Normative Australian Population
- Disrupted, Interrupted and Unstable Placements
- Legal Permanence
- Disruption Rate
- Unstable and Interrupted Adoptions
- Psychological Permanence
- Continuing Support from Adoptive Parents
- Failed and Fragile Relationships
- Comparisons with Normative Australian Population
- Commitment of Adoptive Parents
- Integration into the Adoptive Family
- Belonging
- Conclusion
- Key Points
- References
- 6: Post-adoption Contact and Relationships with Birth Family Members
- Introduction
- Interpreting the Data
- Post-adoption Contact
- Birth Parents
- Siblings
- Other Relatives
- What Was Contact Like?
- Uncomplicated Contact
- Problems Concerning Contact with Birth Parents
- Parents' Problems and Their Impact on Contact
- Lack of Engagement
- Children's Difficulties Around Contact
- Why Contact Ceased
- Impact of Contact on Birth Parents and Adoptive Parents.
- Why Did Contact Persist?
- Contact with Grandparents, Siblings and Other Relatives
- Grandparents
- Siblings: Placed Together
- Siblings: Placed Apart
- Long-Term Consequences of Contact
- Developing a Sense of Identity
- Coming to Terms with Separation and Loss
- Closure
- Coming to Terms with Birth Parents' Limitations
- Achieving Closure Group (9/24 Adoptees)
- Far from Closure Group (6/24 Adoptees)
- Accepting the Reasons for the Adoption
- Moving On
- The Impact of Contact on the Adoptive Parents' Roles
- Conclusion
- References
- 7: Progress After Placement
- Introduction
- Developmental Status of the Adoptees When They Joined Their Adoptive Families
- Physical Health
- Developmental Delay
- Mental Health and Manifestations of Distress
- Externalising Problems
- School Performance
- Stigma
- Issues Facing Adoptive Parents
- Progress
- Changes in Physical Health
- Changes in Mental Health
- Academic Progress After Joining the Adoptive Family
- Contact with Birth Parents and Progress
- Conclusion
- References
- 8: Adult Outcomes
- Introduction
- Education and Training
- Qualifications
- Higher Education
- Employment
- NEET Status
- Criminal Behaviour
- Alcohol Consumption and Substance Misuse
- Mental Health
- Relationships
- Partners
- Domestic Abuse
- Friends
- Isolation
- Outcomes for the Barnardos Adoptees, Australian Care Leavers and the Wider Australian Population
- Comparison with the Australian Population
- Comparison with Care Leavers
- Successful Adult Functioning
- Key Factors Contributing to Success
- Contact with Birth Parents and Adult Functioning
- Differences Between Care Leavers and Adoptees' Experiences: Understanding Disparate Outcomes
- Living Arrangements
- Support with Education and Employment
- Education
- Employment
- Mental Health.
- Risk Factors and Protective Factors in the Relationship Between Adoptive Parents and Children
- Commitment
- Conclusion
- References
- 9: Conclusion: Implications for Policy and Practice
- Introduction
- The Study
- Implications for Child Protection Policy and Practice
- Children Who Cannot Remain with Birth Parents
- Delays in Professional Decision-Making
- Quality of Out-of-Home Care
- Implications for Permanency Planning
- Implications for Adoption Policy and Practice
- Recruitment of Adoptive Parents
- Contact
- Training
- Post-adoption Support
- Conclusion
- References
- Appendices
- Appendix 1: Methodology
- Aims and Objectives
- Sample
- Stage One: Baseline Data on Full Cohort
- Stage Two: Follow-Up Survey
- The Stage Two Follow-Up Sample
- Potential Bias of Core Follow-Up Sample
- Stage Three: Interviews with Adoptees and Adoptive Parents
- Interview Selection
- Interview Process
- Ethical Procedures
- Analysis
- Appendix 2: Technical Notes on Stage One and Stage Two Sample Comparison
- Gender Characteristics of Sample
- Types of Abuse
- Total Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences
- Behavioural Problems
- Age (Months) at First Notification
- Age (Months) of First Separation
- Age at Permanent Placement
- Number of Restoration Attempts and Care Placements
- Age at Follow-Up
- Appendix 3: Studies Identifying Risk Factor Thresholds
- References
- Index.