Queering Asylum in Europe : Legal and Social Experiences of Seeking International Protection on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity.
| Main Author: | |
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| Other Authors: | , , |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cham :
Springer International Publishing AG,
2021.
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| Edition: | 1st ed. |
| Series: | IMISCOE Research Series
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Queering Asylum in Europe
- Preface for Volume 1
- Preface for Volume 2
- Foreword: On the Importance of Intersectionality Within Policy and Research
- Contents
- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
- Part I: Contextualising SOGI Asylum Research
- Chapter 1: Why Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Asylum?
- 1.1 Seeking Asylum: Why Focus on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
- 1.2 The International and European Legal, Policy and Social Context
- 1.3 Framing Our Research
- 1.4 The Structure of These Volumes
- References
- Chapter 2: Researching SOGI Asylum
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Methods
- 2.2.1 Semi-structured Interviews
- 2.2.2 Focus Groups
- 2.2.3 Observations in Courts
- 2.2.4 Online Surveys
- 2.2.5 Documentary Analysis
- 2.2.6 Freedom of Information Requests
- 2.3 Ethical Implications: Doing Research with SOGI Refugees
- References
- Chapter 3: A Theoretical Framework: A Human Rights Reading of SOGI Asylum Based on Feminist and Queer Studies
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 A Human Rights Approach to SOGI Asylum: What Role for Rights?
- 3.2.1 Human Rights and SOGI: Reconsidering Personhood Through a SOGI and Anti-stereotyping Lens
- 3.2.2 Human Rights and the Refugee Convention: Establishing the Right Relationship
- 3.2.3 Human Rights as an Independent Basis for Protection in SOGI Asylum: From Procedural Guarantees to Substantive Fairness
- 3.3 A Feminist Approach to SOGI Asylum
- 3.3.1 Feminism and Multiculturalism
- 3.3.2 Intersectional Feminist Writing
- 3.3.3 Anti-essentialism
- 3.3.4 Recognising Agency
- 3.4 Queer Theoretical Approaches to SOGI Asylum
- 3.4.1 Queer Theoretical Understanding of Sex, Gender, Sexuality and Identity
- 3.4.2 Intersectional Queer Approaches
- 3.4.3 Queer Geographies
- 3.5 Concluding Remarks
- References.
- Part II: The Legal and Social Experiences of SOGI Asylum Claimants and Refugees
- Chapter 4: The Policy and Guidance
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Social and Legal Dimensions of SOGI
- 4.3 The National Asylum Systems
- 4.3.1 The Key Legal Instruments and Actors
- 4.3.2 Degree of Compliance with Supranational and International Obligations
- 4.4 SOGI Dimensions of Domestic Asylum Systems
- 4.4.1 Milestones in Policy and Guidance
- 4.4.2 Vulnerability and SOGI Asylum
- 4.5 Refugee Status Determination (RSD) Outcomes and Life After the Decision on a SOGI Asylum Claim
- 4.6 From Policy to Law, from Law to Practice
- References
- Chapter 5: Life in the Countries of Origin, Departure and Travel Towards Europe
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Life in the Countries of Origin
- 5.2.1 'Ordinary' Lives
- 5.2.2 Treatment of SOGI Minorities in Countries of Origin
- 5.3 'It Suddenly Happened'
- 5.3.1 Forced Departures
- 5.3.2 Journey Experiences
- 5.4 The Arrival in Europe
- 5.4.1 Information on SOGI Asylum
- 5.4.2 Initial Screenings
- 5.4.3 Initial Reception and Detention
- 5.5 Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 6: The Decision-Making Procedure
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 The Preparation of Asylum Claims and Legal Aid
- 6.2.1 The Preparation for the Main Interview and Judicial Hearing(s)
- 6.2.2 Access to, and Quality of, Legal Representation
- 6.2.3 Training of Volunteers, Lawyers and Staff Working with SOGI Claimants
- 6.3 The Main Interview: Actors and Procedures in SOGI Asylum
- 6.3.1 The Interview Setting
- 6.3.2 The Selection and the Training of Caseworkers
- 6.3.3 The Conduct of Interviews
- 6.4 The Judicial Procedure
- 6.4.1 The Appeal Setting
- 6.4.2 The Conduct of Hearings and the Adoption of Decisions
- 6.5 Country of Origin Information
- 6.6 Interpretation
- 6.7 Other Procedures
- 6.8 Concluding Remarks
- References.
- Chapter 7: The Asylum Claim Determination
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Using the Grounds for the Recognition of Refugee Status
- 7.2.1 Choosing from the Five Refugee Convention Grounds
- 7.2.2 SOGI and 'Particular Social Group'
- 7.3 Reaching the Persecution Threshold
- 7.3.1 The Criminalisation of Same-Sex Acts
- 7.3.2 The 'Discretion Argument'
- 7.3.3 The 'Internal Relocation Alternative'
- 7.4 Proving Claims Based on SOGI
- 7.4.1 Standard and Burden of Proof
- 7.4.2 Types of Evidence
- 7.5 The Assessment of Credibility
- 7.5.1 Stereotyping 'Gayness'
- 7.5.2 Be 'Out and Proud' - The Western Way
- 7.5.3 A Persisting Culture of Disbelief
- 7.6 Outcomes of the RSD Process and What Lays beyond SOGI - Through an Intersectional Lens
- 7.7 Concluding Remarks: Assessing the Assessor
- References
- Chapter 8: Housing and Accommodation
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Asylum Accommodation Policies
- 8.3 Standard of Asylum Accommodation
- 8.4 Living in Shared Accommodation, Being 'in the Closet' and Experiencing Discrimination and Hate Crime
- 8.4.1 Accommodation of Couples
- 8.4.2 Intersectional Dimensions of Accommodation
- 8.4.3 Accommodation of Non-binary, Trans and Intersex Claimants
- 8.5 Rural/Urban
- 8.6 Homelessness and Destitution
- 8.7 Housing After the Asylum Claim Process
- 8.8 SOGI Accommodation
- 8.9 Detention
- 8.10 Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 9: Health, Work and Education
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Physical and Mental Health
- 9.2.1 Access to Healthcare
- 9.2.2 Access to Specialist Treatment
- 9.2.3 Experiences of Sexual Violence and Torture
- 9.2.4 Mental Health
- 9.3 Work
- 9.3.1 The Right to Work
- 9.3.2 Voluntary Work and Community Involvement
- 9.3.3 Sexual Exploitation and Sex Work
- 9.3.4 Discrimination and Exploitation in Employment
- 9.4 Education and Training
- 9.5 Concluding Remarks.
- References
- Part III: Forging a New Future for SOGI Asylum in Europe
- Chapter 10: SOGI Asylum in Europe: Emerging Patterns
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Identities
- 10.2.1 Homogenisation
- 10.2.2 Stereotypes
- 10.2.3 Language and Culture
- 10.3 Discrimination
- 10.3.1 Racism
- 10.3.2 Homophobia, Transphobia and Cross-Cutting Discrimination
- 10.4 Place
- 10.4.1 Receiving Country and Region
- 10.4.2 Isolation
- 10.5 Agency
- 10.5.1 Losing Agency
- 10.5.2 Taking Control
- 10.6 Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 11: Believing in Something Better: Our Recommendations
- 11.1 So What?
- 11.2 The Journey to Europe and Reception
- 11.3 The Asylum Application Process
- 11.3.1 Institutional and Policy Framework
- 11.3.2 Procedural Rules
- 11.3.3 The Asylum Claim Determination
- 11.4 Detention and Accommodation
- 11.5 Life 'Beyond Papers'
- 11.6 Building Capacity and Enhancing Competences
- 11.7 Something to Look Forward To
- References
- Index.