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Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region : A Report of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Krishnan, R.
Other Authors: Sanjay, J., Gnanaseelan, Chellappan., Mujumdar, Milind., Kulkarni, Ashwini., Chakraborty, Supriyo.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Singapore : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2020.
Edition:1st ed.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Foreword by M. Rajeevan
  • Foreword by J. Srinivasan
  • Preface
  • Executive Summary
  • Observed Changes in Global Climate
  • Projected Changes in Global Climate
  • Climate Change in India: Observed and Projected Changes
  • Contents
  • About the Editors
  • 1 Introduction to Climate Change Over the Indian Region
  • 1.1 General Introduction
  • 1.1.1 Setting the Regional Context
  • 1.1.2 Key Scientific Issues
  • 1.1.3 IITM-ESM: A Climate Modelling Initiative from India
  • 1.2 Global and Regional Climate Change
  • 1.2.1 Observed Changes in Global Climate
  • 1.2.2 Projected Changes in Global Climate
  • 1.2.3 Contribution from IITM-ESM
  • 1.2.4 Synthesis of Regional Climate Change
  • 1.3 Scope of the Report
  • References
  • 2 Temperature Changes in India
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Observed Temperature Changes Over India
  • 2.2.1 Mean Temperature
  • 2.2.2 Causes of Observed Changes
  • 2.2.3 Temperature Extremes
  • 2.3 Projected Temperature Changes Over India
  • 2.3.1 Mean Temperature
  • 2.3.2 Temperature Extremes
  • 2.4 Knowledge Gaps
  • 2.5 Summary
  • References
  • 3 Precipitation Changes in India
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Observed Changes in Mean Precipitation and Circulation
  • 3.2.1 Precipitation Records in Paleo Time Scale-Inferences from Proxies
  • 3.2.2 Recent Changes in Precipitation
  • 3.2.3 Understanding the Observed Changes in the Summer Monsoon Precipitation
  • 3.2.3.1 Anthropogenic Causes of Observed Precipitation Changes
  • 3.2.3.2 Changes in Circulation Features
  • 3.2.3.3 Observed Changes in Active/Break Spells
  • 3.2.3.4 Changes in Onset Characteristics
  • 3.3 Projected Changes in Precipitation Over India
  • 3.3.1 Future Changes in the Summer Monsoon
  • 3.3.2 Future Changes in Northeast Monsoon
  • 3.4 Changes in Daily Precipitation Extremes
  • 3.4.1 Observed Changes and Their Attribution.
  • 3.4.2 Future Projections of Precipitation Extremes
  • 3.5 Uncertainties in Projected Precipitation Changes
  • 3.6 Knowledge Gaps
  • 3.7 Summary
  • References
  • 4 Observations and Modeling of GHG Concentrations and Fluxes Over India
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Observational Aspects of GHGs Research in India
  • 4.2.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
  • 4.2.2 Methane (CH4)
  • 4.3 Greenhouse Gas Flux Measurements in Natural Ecosystems
  • 4.3.1 Carbon Dioxide Fluxes and Net Ecosystem Exchange
  • 4.3.2 Methane Fluxes
  • 4.3.3 Carbon Inventory of the Indian Forests
  • 4.3.4 Agricultural Ecosystem
  • 4.3.5 Other Observations
  • 4.3.6 Nitrous Oxide Fluxes
  • 4.4 Model Simulation of GHGs
  • 4.4.1 Biogeochemical Model Study
  • 4.4.2 Greenhouse gases Emission and Projections
  • 4.5 Knowledge Gaps
  • 4.6 Summary
  • References
  • 5 Atmospheric Aerosols and Trace Gases
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Aerosols
  • 5.2.1 Emissions of Different Aerosol Species
  • 5.2.2 Long-Term Change in Aerosol Optical Depth
  • 5.2.3 Climate Model Simulations and Future Projections of Aerosol Properties
  • 5.2.4 Aerosol Radiative Forcing
  • 5.2.4.1 Radiative Forcing Due to All Aerosols
  • 5.2.4.2 Radiative Forcing Due to Different Species of Aerosols
  • 5.2.5 Impact of Absorbing Aerosols on Himalayan Snow/Ice Cover
  • 5.2.6 Aerosol-Cloud Interaction: Indirect Effect of Aerosols
  • 5.2.7 Impact of Convective Transport of Aerosols
  • 5.3 Trace Gases
  • 5.3.1 Trends in Ozone
  • 5.3.1.1 Total Ozone Column
  • 5.3.1.2 Tropospheric Ozone
  • 5.3.1.3 Ozone Trends in the Upper Troposphere and Stratosphere
  • 5.3.2 Emissions of Ozone Precursors
  • 5.3.3 Trends of Tropospheric NOx, CO, NMVOCs, and PAN
  • 5.3.4 Variations in Ozone and NOx Due to Lightning
  • 5.3.5 Radiative Forcing due to Ozone and Precursor Gases
  • 5.4 Influence of Transport Processes
  • 5.4.1 Influence of Stratosphere to Troposphere Transport.
  • 5.4.2 Influence of Transport Associated with Quasi-biennial Oscillation
  • 5.5 Impact of Volcanic Eruptions
  • 5.6 Knowledge Gaps
  • 5.7 Summary
  • References
  • 6 Droughts and Floods
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Observed Variability of Droughts
  • 6.2.1 Drought Mechanism
  • 6.2.2 Palaeoclimatic Evidences
  • 6.3 Observed Variability of Floods
  • 6.3.1 Urban/Coastal Floods
  • 6.3.2 River Floods
  • 6.3.3 Palaeoclimatic Evidences
  • 6.4 Future Projections
  • 6.4.1 Droughts
  • 6.4.2 Floods
  • 6.5 Knowledge Gaps
  • 6.6 Summary
  • References
  • 7 Synoptic Scale Systems
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.1.1 Monsoon Low-Pressure Systems
  • 7.1.2 Western Disturbances
  • 7.2 Observed Variability and Future Projections
  • 7.2.1 Monsoon LPS
  • 7.2.2 WDs
  • 7.3 Knowledge Gaps
  • 7.4 Summary
  • References
  • 8 Extreme Storms
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Synoptic-Scale Extreme Storms
  • 8.2.1 Historical Changes
  • 8.2.2 Climate Change Implications and Projected Changes
  • 8.3 Localized Severe Storms
  • 8.3.1 Historical Changes
  • 8.3.2 Projected Changes
  • 8.4 Knowledge Gaps
  • 8.5 Summary
  • References
  • 9 Sea-Level Rise
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Physical Factors Contributing to Sea-Level Rise
  • 9.2.1 Ocean Warming
  • 9.2.2 Glaciers Melting
  • 9.2.3 Ice Sheets
  • 9.2.4 Regional Sea-Level Change
  • 9.3 Mean Sea-Level Change
  • 9.3.1 Global
  • 9.3.2 Regional Changes: Indian Ocean Sea-Level Rise
  • 9.4 Future Mean Sea-Level Change
  • 9.4.1 Global
  • 9.4.2 Regional Sea-Level Projections for the Indian Ocean
  • 9.5 Extreme Sea-Level Changes in the Indian Ocean
  • 9.6 Knowledge Gaps
  • 9.7 Summary
  • References
  • 10 Indian Ocean Warming
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Observed and Projected Changes in Indian Ocean SST
  • 10.2.1 Observed Changes in SST
  • 10.2.2 Attribution of SST Trends to Anthropogenic Emissions
  • 10.2.3 Future Projections of SST Warming.
  • 10.3 Changes in Ocean Heat Content
  • 10.3.1 Trends and Variability of Indian Ocean Heat Content
  • 10.3.2 Multidecadal Variability of the Indian Ocean Heat Content
  • 10.3.3 Future Projections of Indian Ocean Heat Content
  • 10.4 Impacts of Indian Ocean Warming
  • 10.4.1 Consequences of Indian Ocean Warming on Regional Climate
  • 10.4.2 Consequences of Indian Ocean Warming on Ocean Biogeochemistry
  • 10.5 Knowledge Gaps
  • 10.6 Summary
  • References
  • 11 Climate Change Over the Himalayas
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Observed Trends in Mean Surface Temperature and Precipitation
  • 11.3 Observed Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Extremes
  • 11.4 Future Projections Over HKH
  • 11.4.1 Projected Changes in Mean Temperature and Precipitation
  • 11.4.2 Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Extremes
  • 11.5 Implications of Climate Change for Himalayan Snow and Glacier Mass
  • 11.6 Knowledge Gaps
  • 11.7 Summary
  • References
  • 12 Possible Climate Change Impacts and Policy-Relevant Messages
  • 12.1 Potential Impacts Over India
  • 12.2 Policy-Relevant Messages
  • 12.2.1 Multiple Benefits of Climate Change Action
  • 12.3 Summary
  • 13 Correction to: Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region
  • Correction to: R. Krishnan et al. (eds.), Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4327-2.

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