Money and Debt : the Public Role of Banks.
Main Author: | |
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Other Authors: | , , |
Format: | eBook |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Cham :
Springer International Publishing AG,
2021.
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Edition: | 1st ed. |
Series: | Research for Policy Series
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Money and Debt: The Public Role of Banks
- Preface
- Contents
- About the Authors
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.1 What Is Money?
- 1.2 What Is Debt?
- 1.3 The Importance of Trust
- 1.4 The Dynamism of the Financial Monetary System
- 1.5 Overview of the Report
- Bibliography
- Chapter 2: How Is Money Created?
- 2.1 Banks and Money Creation
- 2.1.1 Electronic Payments and Cash Withdrawals
- 2.1.2 Free Money?
- 2.2 Driving and Constraining Forces
- 2.2.1 The Role of Households and Businesses
- 2.2.2 Banks ́Balance Sheet Risks
- 2.2.2.1 Absorbing Losses - Leverage and Capital Ratios
- 2.2.2.2 Meeting Withdrawals: Liquidity Ratios and Reserve Requirements
- 2.3 Monetary Policy
- 2.3.1 Objectives and Instruments
- 2.3.2 How Monetary Policy Works in Practice
- 2.3.3 Quantitative Easing
- 2.4 Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Chapter 3: The History of Money Creation
- 3.1 Money and Finance in the Nineteenth Century
- 3.1.1 Money and Payments
- 3.1.2 Financing
- 3.1.3 Policy and Regulation
- 3.1.4 Summary: Money Creation in the Nineteenth Century
- 3.2 The Interwar Period and the Great Depression (1918-1939)
- 3.2.1 Money and Payments
- 3.2.2 Financing
- 3.2.3 Policy and Regulation
- 3.2.4 Summary: Money Creation in the Interwar Period
- 3.3 The Bretton Woods Period (1945-1973)
- 3.3.1 Money and Payments
- 3.3.2 Financing
- 3.3.3 Policy and Regulation
- 3.3.4 Summary: Money Creation in the Bretton Woods Period
- 3.4 The Pre-crisis Period (1973-2008)
- 3.4.1 Money and Payments
- 3.4.2 Financing
- 3.4.3 Policy and Regulation
- 3.4.4 Summary: Money Creation in the Pre-crisis Period
- 3.5 Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Chapter 4: An Appraisal of the Financial Monetary System
- 4.1 Economic Contribution
- 4.1.1 The Payment System
- 4.1.2 The Volume of Debt
- 4.1.3 Reducing Debt Levels
- 4.2 Stability.
- 4.2.1 Stability of Individual Banks
- 4.2.2 Systemic Instability
- 4.3 Fairness
- 4.3.1 The Public Costs of a Crisis
- 4.3.2 Financial Benefits for Banks
- 4.3.3 Benefits and Costs of Increased Indebtedness
- 4.4 Legitimacy and Influence
- 4.4.1 The Public-Private Nature of Financial Institutions
- 4.4.2 Options for Democratic Control
- 4.4.3 Position of Citizens
- 4.5 Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Chapter 5: How Does the Sovereign Money System Work?
- 5.1 The Payment System
- 5.1.1 Payment Accounts at Payment Institutions
- 5.1.2 Payment Accounts at the Central Bank
- 5.1.3 Conclusion
- 5.2 The Financial System
- 5.2.1 Financing Institutions Operating on the Basis of Debt
- 5.2.2 Financing Institutions Operating on the Basis of Equity Only
- 5.2.3 Private and Public Lending
- 5.3 Monetary Policy and Financial Regulation
- 5.3.1 The Creation, Allocation and Destruction of Money
- 5.3.2 Regulating the Financial System
- 5.3.3 Independence and Accountability
- 5.4 Transition to the New System
- 5.4.1 Towards a New Payment System
- 5.4.2 Towards a New Financial System
- 5.5 Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Chapter 6: Advantages and Disadvantages of the Sovereign Money System
- 6.1 Economic Contribution
- 6.1.1 The Operation of the Payment System
- 6.1.2 The Financial Systemś Procyclicality
- 6.1.3 Price and Availability of Credit
- 6.1.4 One-Off Debt Reduction
- 6.1.5 Summary
- 6.2 Stability
- 6.2.1 The Stability of Individual Institutions
- 6.2.2 Systemic Risks
- 6.2.3 Summary
- 6.3 Fairness
- 6.3.1 Abolition of Implicit and Explicit Public Support
- 6.3.2 Seigniorage
- 6.3.3 The Benefits and Costs of Debt
- 6.3.4 Summary
- 6.4 Legitimacy
- 6.4.1 The Separation of Public and Private Activities
- 6.4.2 Public Control and Democratic Oversight
- 6.4.3 The Position of Citizens
- 6.4.4 Summary
- 6.5 Other Issues.
- 6.5.1 The International Dimension
- 6.5.2 The Transition
- 6.5.3 Dynamics and Innovation
- 6.6 Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Chapter 7: Policies to Restore the Balance in the Current System
- 7.1 Taming the Money and Debt Cycle
- 7.1.1 Curbing the Growth of Debt
- 7.1.1.1 Macroprudential Policy
- 7.1.1.2 Tax Incentives
- 7.1.2 Policy Coherence and the Structure of the Financial Sector
- 7.1.2.1 Policy Coherence
- 7.1.2.2 Structural Measures
- 7.1.3 Preparedness for the Next Financial Crisis
- 7.1.3.1 Tightening of Banking Supervision
- 7.1.3.2 Problem Banks
- 7.1.3.3 Monetary Policy in the Next Crisis
- 7.1.3.4 Interim Conclusion
- 7.2 Balance Between Public and Private Interests
- 7.2.1 A Clearer Boundary Between Public and Private Interests
- 7.2.1.1 The Ring-Fencing of Public Activities
- 7.2.1.2 Reducing the Public Guarantee
- 7.2.1.3 Better Representation of Public Interests in the Banking Sector
- 7.2.1.4 Greater Awareness of Public Duty
- 7.2.1.5 Position of the Citizen
- 7.2.2 Interim Conclusion
- 7.3 Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Chapter 8: Conclusions and Recommendations
- 8.1 How Does Money Creation Work?
- 8.2 The Goals of the Financial Monetary System
- 8.3 Is the Sovereign Money System a Solution?
- 8.4 Two Major Challenges for the Current System
- 8.4.1 Balanced Growth of Money and Debt
- 8.4.2 Balance Between Public and Private Interests
- 8.5 Recommendations
- 8.5.1 Promote Diversity in the Financial Sector
- 8.5.2 Curb Excessive Debt Growth
- 8.5.3 Be Better Prepared for the Next Crisis
- 8.5.4 Anchor the Banks ́Public Dimension
- 8.6 Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Annexes
- Annex I: List of Experts Consulted
- Annex II: Tax Regime, Debt and Banks ́Risk Attitude
- Bibliography.