Money and Debt : the Public Role of Banks.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Stellinga, Bart.
Other Authors: de Hoog, Josta., van Riel, Arthur., de Vries, Casper.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.
Edition:1st ed.
Series:Research for Policy Series
Subjects:
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Money and Debt: The Public Role of Banks
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • About the Authors
  • Chapter 1: Introduction
  • 1.1 What Is Money?
  • 1.2 What Is Debt?
  • 1.3 The Importance of Trust
  • 1.4 The Dynamism of the Financial Monetary System
  • 1.5 Overview of the Report
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 2: How Is Money Created?
  • 2.1 Banks and Money Creation
  • 2.1.1 Electronic Payments and Cash Withdrawals
  • 2.1.2 Free Money?
  • 2.2 Driving and Constraining Forces
  • 2.2.1 The Role of Households and Businesses
  • 2.2.2 Banks ́Balance Sheet Risks
  • 2.2.2.1 Absorbing Losses - Leverage and Capital Ratios
  • 2.2.2.2 Meeting Withdrawals: Liquidity Ratios and Reserve Requirements
  • 2.3 Monetary Policy
  • 2.3.1 Objectives and Instruments
  • 2.3.2 How Monetary Policy Works in Practice
  • 2.3.3 Quantitative Easing
  • 2.4 Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 3: The History of Money Creation
  • 3.1 Money and Finance in the Nineteenth Century
  • 3.1.1 Money and Payments
  • 3.1.2 Financing
  • 3.1.3 Policy and Regulation
  • 3.1.4 Summary: Money Creation in the Nineteenth Century
  • 3.2 The Interwar Period and the Great Depression (1918-1939)
  • 3.2.1 Money and Payments
  • 3.2.2 Financing
  • 3.2.3 Policy and Regulation
  • 3.2.4 Summary: Money Creation in the Interwar Period
  • 3.3 The Bretton Woods Period (1945-1973)
  • 3.3.1 Money and Payments
  • 3.3.2 Financing
  • 3.3.3 Policy and Regulation
  • 3.3.4 Summary: Money Creation in the Bretton Woods Period
  • 3.4 The Pre-crisis Period (1973-2008)
  • 3.4.1 Money and Payments
  • 3.4.2 Financing
  • 3.4.3 Policy and Regulation
  • 3.4.4 Summary: Money Creation in the Pre-crisis Period
  • 3.5 Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 4: An Appraisal of the Financial Monetary System
  • 4.1 Economic Contribution
  • 4.1.1 The Payment System
  • 4.1.2 The Volume of Debt
  • 4.1.3 Reducing Debt Levels
  • 4.2 Stability.
  • 4.2.1 Stability of Individual Banks
  • 4.2.2 Systemic Instability
  • 4.3 Fairness
  • 4.3.1 The Public Costs of a Crisis
  • 4.3.2 Financial Benefits for Banks
  • 4.3.3 Benefits and Costs of Increased Indebtedness
  • 4.4 Legitimacy and Influence
  • 4.4.1 The Public-Private Nature of Financial Institutions
  • 4.4.2 Options for Democratic Control
  • 4.4.3 Position of Citizens
  • 4.5 Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 5: How Does the Sovereign Money System Work?
  • 5.1 The Payment System
  • 5.1.1 Payment Accounts at Payment Institutions
  • 5.1.2 Payment Accounts at the Central Bank
  • 5.1.3 Conclusion
  • 5.2 The Financial System
  • 5.2.1 Financing Institutions Operating on the Basis of Debt
  • 5.2.2 Financing Institutions Operating on the Basis of Equity Only
  • 5.2.3 Private and Public Lending
  • 5.3 Monetary Policy and Financial Regulation
  • 5.3.1 The Creation, Allocation and Destruction of Money
  • 5.3.2 Regulating the Financial System
  • 5.3.3 Independence and Accountability
  • 5.4 Transition to the New System
  • 5.4.1 Towards a New Payment System
  • 5.4.2 Towards a New Financial System
  • 5.5 Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 6: Advantages and Disadvantages of the Sovereign Money System
  • 6.1 Economic Contribution
  • 6.1.1 The Operation of the Payment System
  • 6.1.2 The Financial Systemś Procyclicality
  • 6.1.3 Price and Availability of Credit
  • 6.1.4 One-Off Debt Reduction
  • 6.1.5 Summary
  • 6.2 Stability
  • 6.2.1 The Stability of Individual Institutions
  • 6.2.2 Systemic Risks
  • 6.2.3 Summary
  • 6.3 Fairness
  • 6.3.1 Abolition of Implicit and Explicit Public Support
  • 6.3.2 Seigniorage
  • 6.3.3 The Benefits and Costs of Debt
  • 6.3.4 Summary
  • 6.4 Legitimacy
  • 6.4.1 The Separation of Public and Private Activities
  • 6.4.2 Public Control and Democratic Oversight
  • 6.4.3 The Position of Citizens
  • 6.4.4 Summary
  • 6.5 Other Issues.
  • 6.5.1 The International Dimension
  • 6.5.2 The Transition
  • 6.5.3 Dynamics and Innovation
  • 6.6 Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 7: Policies to Restore the Balance in the Current System
  • 7.1 Taming the Money and Debt Cycle
  • 7.1.1 Curbing the Growth of Debt
  • 7.1.1.1 Macroprudential Policy
  • 7.1.1.2 Tax Incentives
  • 7.1.2 Policy Coherence and the Structure of the Financial Sector
  • 7.1.2.1 Policy Coherence
  • 7.1.2.2 Structural Measures
  • 7.1.3 Preparedness for the Next Financial Crisis
  • 7.1.3.1 Tightening of Banking Supervision
  • 7.1.3.2 Problem Banks
  • 7.1.3.3 Monetary Policy in the Next Crisis
  • 7.1.3.4 Interim Conclusion
  • 7.2 Balance Between Public and Private Interests
  • 7.2.1 A Clearer Boundary Between Public and Private Interests
  • 7.2.1.1 The Ring-Fencing of Public Activities
  • 7.2.1.2 Reducing the Public Guarantee
  • 7.2.1.3 Better Representation of Public Interests in the Banking Sector
  • 7.2.1.4 Greater Awareness of Public Duty
  • 7.2.1.5 Position of the Citizen
  • 7.2.2 Interim Conclusion
  • 7.3 Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Chapter 8: Conclusions and Recommendations
  • 8.1 How Does Money Creation Work?
  • 8.2 The Goals of the Financial Monetary System
  • 8.3 Is the Sovereign Money System a Solution?
  • 8.4 Two Major Challenges for the Current System
  • 8.4.1 Balanced Growth of Money and Debt
  • 8.4.2 Balance Between Public and Private Interests
  • 8.5 Recommendations
  • 8.5.1 Promote Diversity in the Financial Sector
  • 8.5.2 Curb Excessive Debt Growth
  • 8.5.3 Be Better Prepared for the Next Crisis
  • 8.5.4 Anchor the Banks ́Public Dimension
  • 8.6 Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Annexes
  • Annex I: List of Experts Consulted
  • Annex II: Tax Regime, Debt and Banks ́Risk Attitude
  • Bibliography.