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Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology : Key Concepts from the Seventh THNO Meeting.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Vermorken, Jan B.
Other Authors: Budach, Volker., Leemans, C. René., Machiels, Jean-Pascal., Nicolai, Piero., O'Sullivan, Brian.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.
Edition:1st ed.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Part I: Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC)
  • Chapter 1: Promising Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis and Prognosis Prediction
  • Introduction
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases
  • Autophagy Biomarkers
  • Intra-tumoural Immune Cells as Biomarkers
  • References
  • Chapter 2: Biomarkers for Hypoxia, HPVness, and Proliferation from Imaging Perspective
  • Introduction
  • Imaging Biomarkers for the Assessment of HPV-ness
  • Imaging Biomarkers for Tumor Hypoxia
  • Evaluation Treatment Response with RECIST 1.1
  • The Potential for Automatic Head and Neck Segmentation and Volumetric RECIST Assessment as Surrogate Imaging Marker for Tumor Proliferation
  • Conclusions and Future Directions
  • References
  • Chapter 3: Mechanisms of Cetuximab Resistance and How to Overcome It
  • Introduction
  • The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
  • Cetuximab as Anti-EGFR Targeting Agent
  • Mechanisms of Cetuximab Resistance
  • Altered Response Elicited at the Level of EGFR
  • Molecular Alterations in Effectors Downstream of EGFR
  • Cross-talk with Other Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
  • Alterations in Proteins Outside the EGFR Pathway
  • Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
  • Hypoxia and Angiogenesis
  • Strategies to Overcome Cetuximab Resistance
  • Irreversible and Multiple HER Receptor Inhibition to Overcome Resistance
  • Identification of Drug Resistance Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers
  • Conclusion and Future Perspectives
  • References
  • Chapter 4: The Role of Liquid Biopsies for Monitoring Disease Evolution
  • Introduction
  • Liquid Biopsies for Cancer Screening and Disease Monitoring
  • Early Detection of Virally Associated HNSCC Based on Plasma DNA
  • Cell-free DNA Analysis in Non-virally Related HNSCC
  • DNA Methylation Analysis for Cancer Screening
  • Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA for Mutation Profiling.
  • Concordance Between Liquid and Solid Tissue-Based Mutational Analysis
  • ctDNA Versus CTCs: Which Is the Better Source for Mutation Analysis?
  • Liquid Biopsies for Treatment Selection and the Analysis of Resistance Mechanisms
  • Circulating Tumor Cells for Prognosis of Outcome in HNSCC
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 5: NK Cells in Immunotherapy: How Important Are They?
  • Introduction
  • NK Cells, Antitumor Effects and Antibody Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
  • Strategies to Enhance Antitumor NK Cell Function
  • Reinforcement of NK Cell Activity
  • Prevent NK Cell Inhibition
  • Anti-PD-1
  • Anti NKG2A
  • Anti KIR2
  • Anti TIM-3
  • Anti LAG-3
  • Anti-TIGIT
  • Increase ADCC Through Engineering of Monoclonal Antibodies
  • Improve NK Cells Trafficking and Homing in the Tumor
  • CAR-NK
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 6: Biomarkers for Immune Modulatory Treatment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)
  • Background
  • Potential Predictive Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
  • PD-L1
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Tumour Mutation Burden
  • Combination of Tumour Mutation Burden and Gene Expression Profiling
  • Multidimensional Quantitative IHC/IF
  • Tissue Resident Memory (TRM) Cells
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Part II: Primary Disease
  • Chapter 7: Novel Approaches in Surgical Management: How to Assess Surgical Margins
  • Introduction
  • Historical Background: The Concept of "Margin"
  • Current Biological Rationale of Margins in Head and Neck Surgery
  • Special Elements of Challenge in the Head and Neck Area
  • Practical Determinants of Margin
  • "Frailty" of Cutting Through Healthy Tissue
  • Current Intraoperative Margin Evaluation
  • Future Directions: "Know Your Enemy"
  • Future Directions: Enhanced Tumor Visualization
  • Future Directions: Augmented Mapping of the Surgical Bed
  • Conclusions
  • References.
  • Chapter 8: The Surgical Approach to Elderly Patients with HNSCC
  • Introduction
  • Functional Physiological Age Related Issues with Impact on Selection for Surgical Treatment
  • Assessment of Comorbidity for Surgical Treatment
  • Age and Special Surgical Procedures
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 9: Contemporary Opportunities in Nonsurgical Management of Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Introduction
  • Definition of LAHNSCC in HPV(+) HNC
  • Trials on HPV(+) LAHNSCC
  • Revisiting the Role of Cisplatin and Cetuximab in HPV(+) LAHNSCC
  • Refining "Old Tools" for HPV(+) LAHNSCC: Dose, Fractionation, and Volumes
  • Addressing Distant Metastasis Endpoint: Role of Induction Chemotherapy
  • Quest for Additional Risk Stratification Parameters
  • Emerging Role of Immunotherapy in HPV(+) LAHNSCC
  • Research in HPV(−) LAHNSCC
  • Window of Opportunity Trials Exploring Targeted Agents, Including immunotherapy
  • Hypoxia Modification and Smoking Cessation
  • Patients Unfit for Chemotherapy
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 10: High-Dose Three-Weekly or Low-Dose Weekly Cisplatin during Radiation, What to Prefer?
  • Introduction
  • High-Dose Three-Weekly Cisplatin
  • Low-Dose Weekly Cisplatin
  • High-Dose Three-Weekly Versus Low-Dose Weekly
  • Level V Evidence
  • Level IV Evidence
  • Level III Evidence
  • Level of Evidence II
  • Level of Evidence I
  • Immunotherapy Trials
  • Concluding Remarks and Outlooks for the Future
  • References
  • Chapter 11: Where and when to Use Induction Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
  • Introduction
  • Milestones in Systemic Therapies for Locoregionally Advanced HNSCC
  • Comparison of the Practice Changing TPF Protocols (TAX 323/EORTC 24971 and TAX 324)
  • When to Use Induction Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
  • For Larynx Preservation.
  • For Treatment Intensification
  • For Borderline Resectable or Unresectable Oral Cavity Cancer
  • As a Selection Tool for RT Dose de-Escalation in HPV-Positive OPSCC
  • Oligometastatic Disease
  • Where to Use Induction Chemotherapy
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 12: Prognostic Role of p16/HPV in Non-oropharyngeal Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC)
  • Introduction
  • HPV Life Cycle
  • Risk Factors for HPV(+) Non-OPC
  • p16 as a Surrogate Biomarker for a Transcriptionally Active HPV Infection in Non-OPC
  • p16/HPV as a Prognostic Factor in Non-OPC
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 13: Is there a Role for Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy?
  • Introduction
  • Induction Therapy with Targeted Therapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
  • Window of Opportunity Trials with Targeted Therapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 14: Is there a Role for Adjuvant Targeted and Immunotherapies in Patients with Locoregionally-Advanced Head and Neck Cancer?
  • Introduction
  • Adjuvant Post-Operative Chemoradiotherapy Improves Outcomes in LA-SCCHN
  • Adjuvant Chemotherapy Is Not Effective in LA-SCCHN
  • Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Targeted Therapies in LA-SCCHN
  • Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies Are Not Used as Adjuvant Therapies for LA-SCCHN
  • Small Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Are Not Effective Adjuvant Therapies in LA-SCCHN
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as Adjuvant Therapies in LA-SCCHN
  • Summary and Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 15: Optimal Supportive Measures during Primary Treatment
  • Introduction
  • Reasons to Implement Supportive Care during Curative Treatment in Head and Neck Cancer
  • Multiple Interventions for Different Aspects of Support
  • The Example of Mucositis: An Early and up-to-Date Supportive Care Intervention
  • Conclusion
  • References.
  • Part III: Recurrent and/or Metastatic Disease
  • Chapter 16: Salvage Surgery in Head and Neck Cancer
  • Introduction
  • Evolution of Salvage Surgery
  • Tumor Factors
  • Patient Factors
  • Reconstructive Surgery after Resection for Salvage
  • Arterial and Venous Options for Reconstruction in a Salvage Neck
  • Venous Options for Reconstruction in a Salvage Neck
  • Advanced Options for Reconstruction in a Salvage Neck
  • Complications in Salvage Surgery
  • Ideal Candidates
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 17: Re-Irradiation for Local Relapses or Second Primaries: When and how?
  • Introduction
  • When to re-Irradiate?
  • Previous Toxicity and Patient-Related Considerations
  • Treatment Volume and Recurrent Stage
  • Time Interval since Initial Radiotherapy
  • Anatomical Site
  • Second Primary vs Recurrent Tumors
  • Re-Irradiation after Salvage Surgery
  • How to re-Irradiate?
  • Re-Irradiation Dose
  • Re-Irradiation Volume
  • Concurrent Systemic Therapy
  • Radiation Techniques
  • Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT)
  • Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT)
  • Proton Therapy
  • Brachytherapy
  • Toxicities of re-Irradiation
  • References
  • Chapter 18: New and Promising Targeted Therapies in First and Second-Line Settings
  • Introduction
  • EGFR Pathway
  • Cetuximab
  • Other ErbB Antibodies
  • TKIs against ErbB
  • Future Research into ErbB Targeting
  • PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
  • Cell Cycle Regulation
  • DNA Repair Inhibitors
  • Antiangiogenesis
  • RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK Pathway
  • FGFR
  • Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Family
  • Implications for Clinical Trial Design
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 19: Update of Immune Therapies in Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer
  • Background: Prior to the Emergence of Immune Therapies
  • Emergence of Immune Therapies in HNSCC
  • Second-Line Randomised Trials of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
  • First-Line Randomised Trials of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

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