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Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Naletoski, Ivancho.
Other Authors: Luckins, Anthony G., Viljoen, Gerrit.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2021.
Edition:1st ed.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Foreword
  • Acknowledgements
  • Introduction
  • Contents
  • About the Contributors
  • Abbreviations
  • Chapter 1: National Veterinary Services Roles and Responsibilities in Preparing for and Responding to Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies
  • References
  • Chapter 2: Short Refresher of Radiobiology
  • 2.1 Atoms and Isotopes
  • 2.2 Definition of Radiation
  • 2.3 Types of Ionizing Radiation
  • 2.3.1 ß− Decay
  • 2.3.2 ß+ Decay
  • 2.3.3 Electron Capture
  • 2.4 Physical Half-Life of Radioactive Isotopes
  • 2.5 Biological Half-Life of the Radioactive Isotopes
  • 2.6 Effective Half-Life of the Radioactive Isotopes in the Body of Animals
  • 2.7 Decay Chains and Ingrowth
  • 2.8 Units of Radioactivity
  • 2.9 Specific Radioactivity
  • 2.10 Radiation Dose
  • 2.11 Effective Dose Equivalent
  • 2.12 Lethal Dose
  • 2.13 Interaction of the Ionizing Radiation with the Matter
  • 2.14 The Sources of Man-Made Environmental Contamination
  • References
  • Chapter 3: Measurement of Radioactivity
  • 3.1 Measuring Instruments
  • 3.1.1 Personnel Dosimeters
  • 3.2 Measuring Contamination Levels in Live Farm Animals
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Preparedness and Response to Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems in the Context of IAEA Safety Standards
  • 4.1 Relevant IAEA Publications on Emergency Preparedness and Response for Animal Production Systems
  • 4.2 Phases of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency
  • 4.2.1 The Preparedness Stage
  • 4.2.1.1 Hazard Assessment
  • 4.2.1.2 Development, Justification and Optimisation of a Protection Strategy
  • 4.2.1.3 International Trade of Food Following a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency
  • 4.2.1.4 OILs for Triggering Food, Milk and Drinking Water Restrictions
  • 4.2.1.5 Emergency Planning Zones and Emergency Planning Distances
  • 4.2.2 Emergency Exposure Situation
  • 4.2.2.1 The Urgent Response Phase.
  • 4.2.2.2 The Early Response Phase
  • 4.2.2.3 The Transition Phase
  • 4.2.2.4 Radioactive Waste Management
  • 4.2.2.5 Dealing with Non-radiological Consequences
  • 4.2.3 The Termination of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency
  • 4.2.4 Planned or Existing Exposure Situation
  • 4.2.4.1 Restrictions on Food, Milk and Drinking Water After the Termination of an Emergency
  • References
  • Chapter 5: Environmental Pathways of Radionuclides to Animal Products in Different Farming and Harvesting Systems
  • 5.1 Major Nuclear or Radiological Emergencies Causing Animal and Animal Product Contamination
  • 5.2 Key Environmental Processes Controlling Animal Product Contamination
  • 5.2.1 Vegetation Interception
  • 5.2.2 Chemical Form of the Released Radionuclides
  • 5.2.3 Radionuclide Behaviour in Soils
  • 5.2.4 Radionuclide Transfer from Soil to Crops
  • 5.2.5 Quantification of Radionuclide Transfer to Plants and Fodder Crops
  • 5.2.6 Intake and Absorption of Radionuclides by Animals
  • 5.2.7 Gastrointestinal Absorption
  • 5.2.8 Quantification of Radionuclide Transfer to Animal Products
  • 5.2.9 Quantification of the Time Dependency of Radionuclide Activity Concentrations in Animal Products
  • 5.2.10 Biological Half-Life () in Animal Tissues
  • 5.2.11 Ecological and Effective Half-Lives
  • 5.3 Monitoring Animal Food Products
  • 5.4 Radionuclide Transfer to Intensively Farmed Agricultural Animals
  • 5.4.1 Soil and Plant Aspects
  • 5.4.1.1 Radioiodine
  • 5.4.1.2 Radiocaesium
  • 5.4.1.3 Radiostrontium
  • 5.4.1.4 Other Radionuclides
  • 5.4.2 Dairy Production
  • 5.4.2.1 Radioiodine
  • 5.4.2.2 Radiocaesium
  • 5.4.2.3 Radiostrontium
  • 5.4.3 Meat and Offal Production
  • 5.4.3.1 Transfer of Radionuclides to Meat
  • 5.4.3.2 Other Accumulating Tissues
  • 5.4.3.3 Target Tissues for Different Radionuclides
  • 5.5 Radionuclide Transfer in Non-intensive Animal Production.
  • 5.5.1 Dairy Production in Low-Productivity Areas
  • 5.5.2 Meat Production in Low-Productivity Areas
  • 5.6 Radionuclide Transfer to Game Animals
  • 5.6.1 Forest Environments
  • 5.7 Impacts on the Health of Livestock Exposed to Nuclear Contamination
  • 5.8 Routes of Radionuclide Intake via Aquatic Pathways
  • 5.8.1 Radionuclides in Freshwater Fish
  • 5.9 The Risk for Public Health (Placement on the Market for Human Consumption)
  • 5.9.1 Radioiodine
  • 5.9.2 Radiocaesium
  • 5.9.3 Other Radionuclides
  • References
  • Chapter 6: Management Options for Animal Production Systems: Which Ones to Choose in the Event of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency?
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Management Options
  • 6.3 Radionuclides of Importance
  • 6.4 Seasonality and Radioecological Zoning
  • 6.5 Decision-Aiding Handbooks for Food Production Systems
  • 6.5.1 Decision-Aiding Framework
  • 6.5.2 Selection Tables (Step 2)
  • 6.5.3 Applicability of Management Options for Different Radionuclides (Step 3)
  • 6.5.4 Key Constraints Affecting Management Options (Step 4)
  • 6.5.4.1 Technical Feasibility and Capacity
  • 6.5.4.2 Timescales for Implementation
  • 6.5.4.3 Waste Generation
  • 6.5.4.4 Environmental Impact
  • 6.5.4.5 Cost
  • 6.5.5 Effectiveness of Management Options (Step 5)
  • 6.5.6 Management Options Incurring an Additional Dose to Implementers (Step 6)
  • 6.5.7 Consideration of the Datasheets (Step 7)
  • 6.5.8 Selecting and Combining Options to Develop the Management Strategy (Step 8)
  • References
  • Chapter 7: Information Systems in Support of the Decision-Making Tools
  • 7.1 The IAEA Unified System for Information Exchange in Incidents and Emergencies (USIE)
  • 7.2 Decision Support System for Nuclear Emergencies Affecting Food and Agriculture (DSS4NAFA)
  • 7.3 iVetNet
  • References.
  • Correction to: Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery
  • Correction to: I. Naletoski et al. (eds.), Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63021-1
  • Annexes
  • Annex A: Datasheets on the Management Options
  • Annex B: Worked Examples to Illustrate Decision-Aiding Framework.

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