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Remedies Against Immunity? : Reconciling International and Domestic Law after the Italian Constitutional Court's Sentenza 238/2014.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Volpe, Valentina.
Other Authors: Peters, Anne., Battini, Stefano.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2021.
Edition:1st ed.
Series:Beiträge Zum Ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht Series
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Remedies against Immunity?
  • Acknowledgements
  • RemediesagainstImmunity?
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Selected Cases
  • Abbreviations
  • Part I: Introduction
  • Reconciling State Immunity with Remedies for War Victims in a Legal Pluriverse
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Sentenza 238/2014: The Culmination of a Judicial Saga
  • 1. The Historical Background
  • 2. The Italian Corte di Cassazione and the Ferrini and Milde Judgments
  • 3. The ICJ and the Jurisdictional Immunity Judgment
  • 4. The Italian Constitutional Court and Sentenza 238/2014
  • III. Immunity and Human Rights-Based Exceptions
  • IV. Reparation for Gross Human Rights Violations and War Crimes
  • V. The Interplay Between International and Domestic Law
  • 1. Sentenza 238/2014 in the Line of Resistance of Domestic Courts Against International Judgments
  • 2. A Plea for a Pluralisme Ordonné
  • VI. A `Modest Proposal ́
  • Post (Personal) Scriptum
  • Valentina Volpe
  • References
  • Part II: Immunity
  • Right of Access to (Italian) Courts über alles? Legal Implications Beyond Germanyś Jurisdictional Immunity
  • I. Introduction
  • II. The Impact of Judgment 238/2014 on the Italian Government As Regards the Recognition of Immunity
  • III. A `Containment Strategy?́: Immunity from Jurisdiction and Immunity from Execution
  • IV. Beyond State Immunity: The Criteria for Establishing the Jurisdiction of Italian Judges
  • V. Judgment 238/2014 and Its Silences: An Interstate Agreement on Compensation As an Alternative to Individual Access to Itali...
  • VI. Conclusion
  • References
  • The Illusion of Perfect Justice
  • I. Preliminary Observations
  • II. The Surprise: Silence on the Main Issues
  • III. Challenge to a Foundational Rule of International Law
  • IV. Jurisdictional Immunity: An Essential Structural Element of International Law
  • V. The Different Methods of Reparation.
  • VI. The Impossibility of Reparation of War Damages by Individual Actions
  • VII. The Hard Task of Seeking an Equitable Peace Settlement
  • VIII. Looking to the Future
  • References
  • Sentenza 238/2014: A Good Case for Law-Reform?
  • I. Introduction: A Case for Law-Reform?
  • II. Adverse Effects
  • 1. Incurring State Responsibility
  • 2. Preserving Judicial Authority Through Legitimizing Strategies?
  • 3. Change `Desired by Many?́: Highly Contested Exceptions to Immunities
  • 4. Creating False Promises: Human Rights Exceptions to Immunities from Execution?
  • III. Generalizable Standards: Towards an Obligation to Provide for Individual Reparation in Cases of Mass Atrocities?
  • IV. Concluding Remarks
  • References
  • Part III: Remedies
  • A Plea for Legal Peace
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Confrontation and Mutual Neglect Versus Legal Peace
  • III. Why the French Railroad Deportees and Not IMIs?
  • IV. North American Remedies Against Immunities
  • V. Conclusion
  • References
  • A Story of `Trials and Errors ́That Might Have No Happy End
  • I. The Complexity of the Reconciliation Task
  • II. Academic Diplomacy as a Supplement to Governmental and Judicial Dialogues
  • III. Moral Responsibility and Legal Liability
  • IV. The Imperfect Lump Sum Agreements of 1961
  • V. Fundamental Legal Changes Since 1961
  • VI. A Belated Solidarity
  • 1. Territorial and Personal Scope of Solidarity
  • 2. Calculation of the Reparation
  • 3. Financing
  • VII. The Proper Use of Supreme Principles as Part of the `Constitutional Identity ́
  • References
  • State Immunity, Individual Compensation for Victims of Human Rights Crimes, and Future Prospects
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Compensation, Immunity and Human Rights
  • 1. Compensation Agreements and German Compensation Law After World War II
  • 2. Immunity As a Part of the System.
  • 3. A Human Rights Perspective on Sentenza 238/2014
  • III. The Individualization of Claims Under International Law
  • IV. Prospects for Future Regimes of Compensation and Reconciliation
  • V. Conclusions
  • VI. Epilogue
  • References
  • Sketches for a Reparation Scheme: How Could a German-Italian Fund for the IMIs Work?
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Next of Kin: The RRF Foundation
  • III. DART: The Australian Solution
  • IV. Other Compensation Schemes
  • 1. Eritrea/Ethiopia
  • 2. Iraq/Kuwait Reparations
  • 3. Comfort Women
  • 4. The US/France Agreements on Banks and Railroad Deportees
  • a) The 2001 Banks Agreement
  • b) The 2014 Railroad Deportees Agreement
  • V. A Ten-Step Sketch of a Future German-Italian Joint Scheme
  • 1. Reparation or Compensation
  • 2. Funding
  • 3. The Amount Paid to Each Victim
  • 4. The Management of the Fund and the Organs Overseeing Its Distribution
  • 5. The Eligibility Criteria
  • 6. The Treatment of Heirs
  • 7. The Standard and Burden of Proof
  • 8. The Involvement of Victims
  • 9. Legal Peace
  • 10. Speed
  • References
  • Part IV: European Perspectives
  • Waiting for Negotiations: An Italian Way to Get Out of the Deadlock
  • I. The EU Membership of Italy and Germany: Is It Relevant?
  • II. At What Stage of Development is the EUś Law on State Immunity?
  • III. Techniques of Dialogue Between Judges at the European Level: What Lessons Can We Learn?
  • IV. The Existence of Alternative Means of Dispute Settlement and a Reasonable Way to Award Redress to the Victims
  • V. Conclusions
  • References
  • Sentenza 238/2014: EU Law and EU Values
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Implications for EU Law
  • III. The Suggestions Provided by EU Law
  • IV. Law and Negotiations
  • Reference
  • The Consequences of Sentenza 238/2014: What to Do Now?
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Techniques of Judicial Dialogue.
  • III. Possible Ways to Solve the Conflict Between Germany and Italy
  • References
  • Would the World Be a Better Place If One Were to Adopt a European Approach to State Immunity? Or, `Soll am Europäischen Wesen ...
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Enforcing Foreign Judgments That Have Not Respected State Immunity
  • 1. The Hague Conference on Private International Law
  • 2. Brussels Ia Regulation
  • III. Regional European Customary Law on State Immunity?
  • IV. Possible Legal Implications of the Jurisprudence of the Italian Constitutional Court for European Military Operations
  • V. Further Perspectives Beyond Sentenza 238/2014
  • References
  • Part V: Courts
  • A Dangerous Last Line of Defence: Or, A Roman Court Goes Lutheran
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Immunity and Grave Breaches of International Law: The State of Play in Late 2014
  • III. Judgment 238/2014 of 22 October 2014: Changing Tack
  • IV. A Clever Move and Its Implications
  • V. `Here I Stand, I Can Do No Other:́ A Problematic Last Line of Defence
  • VI. Concluding Thoughts
  • References
  • Teaching the World Court Makes a Bad Case: Revisiting the Relationship Between Domestic Courts and the ICJ
  • I. Introduction
  • II. The Dual Role of Domestic Courts at the Intersection of Legal Orders
  • 1. Domestic Courts as Law Enforcers
  • 2. Domestic Courts as `Gate-Keepers ́
  • III. Which Role for Courts at the Intersection of Legal Orders?
  • IV. Conclusion
  • References
  • Between Cynicism and Idealism: Is the Italian Constitutional Court Passing the Buck to the Italian Judiciary?
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Attempts by Italian Courts to Cope with the Contrasting Obligations Stemming from International and Domestic Law
  • III. Issues to Be Decided by the Italian Courts
  • 1. Who Can Bring a Claim and Who Is a Victim?
  • 2. Time Frame for Reparation Obligations
  • 3. Type of Reparation.
  • 4. Implications of the Italian Decisions
  • a) Precedential Effects
  • b) Forum Shopping (Universal Jurisdiction)
  • IV. Enforcing a Successful Adjudication: The Constitutional Court Versus `the Last Bastion of State Immunity?́
  • V. The Compatibility of a Reparation Scheme with the Italian Constitution
  • VI. Concluding Remarks
  • References
  • Part VI: Negotiations
  • Deadlocked in Dualism: Negotiating for a Final Settlement
  • I. Jurisdictional Immunities, or a Formally Strong German Position
  • II. Trapped in Contradictions, or the Ambivalence of Dualism
  • III. Germany and the Law and Politics of History
  • IV. Unsettling Settlements: Growing Discontent
  • V. Unmaking History: Possible Solutions
  • References
  • Moving Beyond Judicial Conflict in the Name of the Pre-Eminence of Fundamental Human Rights
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Quid Iuris or Quid Iustum?
  • III. The Right to an Effective Judicial Protection
  • IV. Conclusion
  • Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Italian Concerns Between Constitutional Rights and International Law
  • I. Introduction
  • II. The Stalemate Between International and Domestic Law
  • III. You Cannot Have Your Cake and Eat It
  • IV. Conclusion
  • References
  • Overcoming the Judicial Conundrum: The Road to a Diplomatic Solution
  • I. Introduction
  • II. The German Position
  • III. The Italian Position
  • IV. Conclusion
  • References
  • Part VII: The Past and Future of Remedies
  • Recollections of a Judge
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Reasons for Dissent
  • 1. Procedural
  • 2. Factual
  • 3. Constitutional
  • 4. Theoretical
  • 5. Strategic
  • III. Ex Post Remarks
  • IV. Italian Ambiguities Towards Fascism
  • References
  • A Dialogical Epilogue
  • General Questions
  • Paolo Palchetti
  • Christian Tomuschat
  • Alessandro Bufalini
  • Giovanni Boggero and Karin Oellers-Frahm
  • Francesco Francioni
  • Specific Questions.
  • To Paolo Palchetti.

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