Cover Image

Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks : Methods and Material.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Pastoors, Andreas.
Other Authors: Lenssen-Erz, Tilman.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.
Edition:1st ed.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • cover
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • Chapter 1: Introduction
  • Examples of Indigenous Spoor Interpretation
  • On this Book
  • References
  • Part I: Methodological Diversity in the Analysis of Human Tracks
  • Chapter 2: Inferences from Footprints: Archaeological Best Practice
  • Introduction
  • Digital Capture, Documentation and Stratigraphic Context
  • Analytical Tools in Ichnology
  • Types of Inference from Human Footprints
  • Anatomical Inferences
  • Biomechanical Inferences
  • Palaeobiological Inferences
  • Faunal Sampling
  • Problems of Co-association
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 3: Repetition Without Repetition: A Comparison of the Laetoli G1, Ileret, Namibian Holocene and Modern Human Footprint...
  • Introduction
  • Methods
  • Results and Interpretations
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • Supplementary Material
  • Detailed Materials and Methods
  • Additional Footprint Discussion
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Reproduce to Understand: Experimental Approach Based on Footprints in Cussac Cave (Southwestern France)
  • Introduction
  • The Karst Setting
  • Formation
  • Preservation Context
  • Cussac Cave
  • Contextual Setting
  • Tracks at Cussac and Taphonomy
  • Materiel and Methods
  • Experimental Protocol
  • Descriptions, Metrics and 3D Models
  • Results
  • Formation Sediment and Flooding Sediment Load
  • Formation Sediment
  • Flooding Sediment Load
  • General Morphology
  • Topography
  • Original Experimental Footprints
  • Footprint Evolution
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 5: Experimental Re-creation of the Depositional Context in Which Late Pleistocene Tracks Were Found on the Pacific Coa...
  • Introduction
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion and Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 6: Reading Spoor
  • Introduction
  • The Art of Tracking
  • Methodological Aspects of Tracking.
  • Implications for the Archaeology of Prehistoric Human Tracks
  • The Wider Potential of Tracking
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Part II: Case Studies from Around the Globe
  • Chapter 7: Perspectives on Pliocene and Pleistocene Pedal Patterns and Protection
  • Introduction
  • The Tarsometatarsal Skeletons
  • The Hallux
  • The Lateral Metatarsophalangeal Articulations
  • Lateral Proximal Phalanx Lengths and Shafts
  • Proximal Pedal Phalanx Diaphyseal Hypertrophy
  • Implications for Pliocene and Pleistocene Footprints
  • References
  • Chapter 8: Frozen in the Ashes
  • Forty Years of Research at Laetoli
  • The Discovery of Laetoli Site S
  • Survey of Laetoli Site S: A Case Study for Photogrammetry Application in Extreme Environments
  • Laetoli Site S Footprints: Results and Implications
  • Laetoli Footprints: Perspectives
  • References
  • Chapter 9: Steps from History
  • Introduction
  • Background to Happisburgh
  • Happisburgh Site 3
  • The Footprint Surface
  • Implications of the Happisburgh Footprints
  • Impact of the Happisburgh Footprints
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 10: Reconsideration of the Antiquity of the Middle Palaeolithic Footprints from Theopetra Cave (Thessaly, Greece)
  • Introduction
  • Historical Background
  • Materials and Methods
  • Chronology - Dating
  • Archaeology - Lithic Artefacts
  • Description of the Footprints
  • Results
  • Contour Analysis (3D Laser Scanner)
  • Sex and Age
  • Stature
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 11: On the Tracks of Neandertals: The Ichnological Assemblage from Le Rozel (Normandy, France)
  • Introduction
  • The Neandertal Footprint Record
  • The Archaeological Site from Le Rozel
  • Material and Methods
  • Results
  • Preservation and Distribution of the Tracks
  • Human Footprints
  • Human Handprints
  • Animal Tracks
  • Discussion
  • References.
  • Chapter 12: Hominin Footprints in Caves from Romanian Carpathians
  • Introduction
  • Vârtop Cave (Bihor Mountains)
  • Room of the Steps and the Vârtop Footprints
  • Geochronology
  • Ciur Izbuc Cave (Pădurea Craiului Mountains)
  • References
  • Chapter 13: Episodes of Magdalenian Hunter-Gatherers in the Upper Gallery of Tuc dÁudoubert (Ariège, France)
  • Introduction
  • Design of the Project
  • Participants
  • Materials
  • The Volp Caves
  • The Cave of Tuc dÁudoubert
  • Archaeological Context
  • Human Tracks
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Galerie des Effondrements
  • Galerie des Empreintes
  • Western End Section
  • Western Centre
  • Eastern Centre
  • Eastern End Section
  • Galerie des Petits Pieds
  • Salle des Talons
  • Synopsis
  • Identity of the Trackmakers
  • Identified Events
  • Track Details
  • Spoor Type, Side and Trackways
  • Carrying Additional Weight
  • Body Postures and Gait
  • Group Configuration
  • Axis of Locomotion
  • Human Interaction with Cave Bear Bones
  • Superimposition of Human Tracks
  • General Conditions and Reliability of Identification
  • Discussion and Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 14: Following the Father Steps in the Bowels of the Earth: The Ichnological Record from the Bàsura Cave (Upper Palaeol...
  • Introduction
  • Human Footprints of the Bàsura Cave: Previous Studies
  • Geology of the Bàsura Cave
  • Ichnology of Bàsura Cave
  • Footprints, Handprints, Finger and Human Body Traces
  • Finger Flutings
  • Clay Pits and Related Finger Traces
  • Animal Traces
  • Approaches and Methodologies
  • High-Resolution Digital Photogrammetry
  • 3D Scanning
  • Morphometric Analysis
  • The Archaeological Approach and New Absolute Dating
  • Charcoal Remains and Insights on the Illumination of Caves
  • Inferences from Human Tracks and the Reconstruction of a Scenery
  • The Human Trackmaker Identikit
  • The Exploration of the Cavity.
  • Bàsura Cave in the Regional Context
  • Concluding Remarks
  • References
  • Chapter 15: Prehistoric Speleological Exploration in the Cave of Aldène in Cesseras (Hérault, France): Human Footprint Paths a...
  • Introduction
  • A Major Natural Cave for the Heritage
  • Exceptional Deposit Conditions
  • A Problem of Complementary Study
  • The Contribution of the Traces of Torches
  • Human Footprints
  • The Study of the Human Footprints of the Paul Ambert Gallery
  • A New Research Program
  • References
  • Chapter 16: The Mesolithic Footprints Retained in One Bed of the Former Saltmarshes at Formby Point, Sefton Coast, North West ...
  • Introduction
  • The Palaeoenvironment
  • Previous Studies at Formby Point
  • Footprint Formation and Preservation Process
  • Blundell Path C
  • The Footprints in the Bed
  • Context 3, the Lowest Layer
  • Context 2, the Middle Layer
  • Context 1, the Top Layer
  • Activity on the Mudflats
  • Faunal Behaviour in the Intertidal Zone
  • Humans in the Intertidal Zone
  • Experience in the Intertidal Zone
  • Evidence of Coastal Occupation
  • Hunter-Gatherer-Foragers at Formby
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 17: Prehistoric Human Tracks in Ojo Guareña Cave System (Burgos, Spain): The Sala and Galerías de las Huellas
  • Introduction
  • The Site
  • Access to a Complicated Sector
  • Materials and Methods
  • Footprint Documentation
  • Footprints and Trackways
  • Estimation of Height and Weight
  • Chronology
  • Results
  • Footprints and Trackways
  • Chronology
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Part III: Experiences with Indigenous Experts
  • Chapter 18: Tracking with Batek Hunter-Gatherers of Malaysia
  • Introduction
  • Ethnographic Background
  • Tracking Habitats
  • Hunting, Animals, Tracks
  • Encountering Forest Tracks
  • Simple, Systematic, and Speculative Tracking
  • Discussion
  • References.
  • Chapter 19: Identify, Search and Monitor by Tracks: Elements of Analysis of Pastoral Know-How in Saharan-Sahelian Societies
  • Introduction
  • Inspect, Interpret and Follow Tracks: A Common and Essential Activity in the Sahara and Sahel
  • Geographical Knowledge Relating to Sandy Soil
  • A Shared but Unevenly Distributed Pastoral Know-How
  • Footprint Identification Criteria
  • Hodological Strategy and Temporalities of Tracks
  • The Clues Associated with the Tracks
  • Confirm, Secure or Subvert the Social Order
  • Tracks as a Reflection of the Social Hierarchy
  • How Can You Steal Without Signing Your Crime in the Sand?
  • Monitor by Tracks
  • The Effects of Sedentarization: Tracks in a World That Closes, Freezes and Fixes Itself
  • Tracks in Hunting Practice
  • The Increased Difficulties of ``Trace ́́Tracking in a Sedentary World
  • References
  • Chapter 20: Trackers ́Consensual Talk: Precise Data for Archaeology
  • Introduction: Tracking and Talking
  • Trackers ́Knowledge as Precise Data for Archaeology
  • Tracking the Tracking in Caves Project
  • Lesson 1
  • Lesson 2
  • Effects of Lessons
  • Science and Memory
  • Conclusion: Talk, Narrative, and Consensus as Data
  • References
  • Chapter 21: An Echo from a Footprint: A Step Too Far
  • A New Footprint
  • An Old Footprint
  • References
  • Chapter 22: Walking Together: Ways of Collaboration in Western-Indigenous Research on Footprints
  • Introduction
  • Western and Indigenous Knowledge Systems
  • Differences and Similarities
  • Relationality and Validity
  • The Networked Space
  • Horizontal Structures of Living and Learning
  • Horizontal Structures of Power
  • Implementing Ethics in Research
  • Indigenous Guidelines
  • Ethics Guide for Tracking Projects
  • Project Preparation
  • Project Implementation
  • Evaluation and Completion of the Project
  • The Common Language.
  • Indigenous Interpretation and Interview.

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