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Clinical Pathways in Stroke Rehabilitation : Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Recommendations.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Platz, Thomas.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.
Edition:1st ed.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgements
  • Contents
  • Neurobiology of Stroke Recovery
  • 1 Changes in Structural Plasticity After Stroke
  • 2 Changes in Functional Plasticity After Stroke
  • 3 Conclusion Regarding the Neurobiology of Stroke Recovery
  • 4 Take Home Message for Clinical Practice in Stroke Rehabilitation
  • References
  • Clinical Pathways in Stroke Rehabilitation: Background, Scope, and Methods
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Clinical Pathways
  • 3 The Evidence Gap
  • 4 International Provision of Practice Recommendations
  • 5 Scope, Content, and Methodology Used for the Generation of the Practice Recommendations
  • 5.1 Scope of the Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Recommendations
  • 5.2 Target Users of the Practice Recommendations
  • 5.3 Stakeholder Involvement
  • 5.3.1 Practice Recommendations Developer Group
  • 5.3.2 Integration of Views and Preferences of the Target Population
  • 5.4 Methods Used for Evidence Synthesis and Recommendation Development
  • 5.4.1 General Remarks
  • 5.4.2 Systematic Search
  • 5.4.3 Criteria and Methods for Evidence Selection and Data Extraction
  • 5.4.4 Critical Appraisal, Level of Evidence, Evidence Synthesis, and Grading its Quality
  • 5.4.5 Synthesis of Evidence-Based Recommendations
  • 5.4.6 Dissemination, Implementation, Monitoring, and Auditing
  • 5.4.7 Process of Updating the Clinical Practice Recommendations
  • 5.4.8 Funding of the Work
  • 6 Conclusions
  • References
  • Goal Setting with ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) and Multidisciplinary Team Approach in Stroke Rehabilitation
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Methodological Considerations
  • 3 Multidisciplinary Team Building and Coordination
  • 3.1 Improving Quality of Stroke Care
  • 3.2 Low Access to Rehabilitation
  • 3.3 The Chronic Care Model for Stroke Patients.
  • 4 ICF-Based Common Language in Reporting and Documentation Along the Care Pathway of Stroke Patients
  • 4.1 ICF-Based Scales and Assessments
  • 4.2 ICF-Based Goal Setting
  • 5 Theoretical Background in Goal-Setting Practice
  • 5.1 Goal-Setting Theory (Locke and Latham)
  • 5.2 Goal Setting and Action Planning (Scobbie)
  • 5.3 Goal Achievement and Goal Attainment Scaling
  • 5.4 Examples on ICF-Based Goal Setting
  • 6 Goal Setting in Stroke Patients in Practice
  • 7 Recommendations for Multidisciplinary Team Approach and ICF-Based Goal Setting in Stroke Rehabilitation
  • 8 Summary
  • References
  • Disorders of Consciousness
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Methods
  • 3 DoC Assessment: Clinical Behavioral and Instrumental Diagnostic Tools
  • 3.1 Clinicals and Behavioral Tools for DoC Assessments
  • 3.2 Instrumental Diagnostic Tools for DoC Assessment
  • 4 DoC Rehabilitation
  • 5 Pharmacological Therapies for DoC
  • 6 Other Specific Therapies for DoC
  • References
  • Airway and Ventilation Management
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Clinical Evidence and Reasoning
  • 2.1 Weaning of Neurological Patients
  • 2.2 Existing Studies on Weaning Success
  • 2.3 Difficulties in the Weaning Process
  • 2.4 Weaning Strategies
  • 2.5 Weaning Protocols and Special Ventilation Techniques
  • 2.6 Special Features of Prolonged Weaning in Neurological Patients
  • 2.6.1 Definition of Successful Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation
  • 2.6.2 Invasive and Non-Invasive Ventilation
  • 2.6.3 Accompanying Neurological-Neurosurgical (Early) Rehabilitation
  • 3 Clinical Practice Recommendations for Weaning in Stroke Patients (and Other Patients with Neurological Conditions)
  • 3.1 Methodological Explanations
  • 3.2 Recommendations
  • 3.2.1 Organizational Setting
  • 3.2.2 Weaning Strategy
  • 3.2.3 Weaning Process Characteristics
  • References
  • Recovery of Swallowing.
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Dysphagia Screening Early after Stroke
  • 3 Instrumental Assessments to Detect Dysphagia or Aspiration
  • 4 Treatment of Dysphagia
  • 4.1 Behavioral Interventions
  • 4.2 Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)
  • 4.3 Acupuncture
  • 4.4 Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS)
  • 4.5 Oral Hygiene
  • 5 Enteral Tube Feedings
  • 6 Summary
  • References
  • Arm Rehabilitation
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Methods for the Best Evidence Synthesis
  • 3 Assessment
  • 3.1 Measures of Impairment
  • 3.1.1 Active Motor Control
  • 3.1.2 Spasticity/Resistance to Passive Movement
  • 3.2 Measures of Arm, Hand, and/or Finger Function
  • 3.3 Measure of Self-Perceived Usefulness of the Affected Arm in Daily Life
  • 4 Therapy
  • 4.1 Training
  • 4.1.1 Dosage of the Therapeutic Time Prescribed and Organizational Forms of Therapy
  • 4.1.2 "Schools" of Therapy
  • 4.1.3 Type of Feedback Given
  • 4.1.4 Bilateral Training
  • 4.1.5 Impairment-Oriented Training
  • 4.1.6 Task-Specific Training
  • 4.1.7 Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT)
  • 4.1.8 Strength Training
  • 4.1.9 Mirror Therapy
  • 4.1.10 Mental Practice
  • 4.1.11 Action Observation
  • 4.1.12 Music Therapy and Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation
  • 4.2 Technology-Supported Training
  • 4.2.1 Passive Devices for Repetitive Arm and Hand Training
  • 4.2.2 Trunk Restraint
  • 4.2.3 Splints and Strapping
  • 4.2.4 Arm Rehabilitation Using Virtual Reality (VR) Applications
  • 4.2.5 EMG- and Neuro-Biofeedback
  • 4.2.6 Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)
  • 4.2.7 Arm Robot Therapy
  • 4.2.8 Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
  • 4.2.9 Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS)
  • 4.2.10 Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
  • 4.2.11 Somatosensory Stimulation
  • 4.2.12 Acupuncture
  • 4.2.13 Investigational Devices
  • 4.3 Medication.
  • 4.3.1 Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT A)
  • 4.3.2 Drugs to Enhance Recovery
  • 5 Clinical Pathway and Practice Recommendations
  • 5.1 General Comments
  • 5.2 Dosage and Organization of Treatment
  • 5.2.1 Acute and Subacute Phase After Stroke
  • 5.2.2 Chronic Phase After Stroke
  • 5.3 Therapeutic Options (Table 1)
  • 5.3.1 Therapeutic Options for Stroke Survivors with Severe Paresis
  • 5.3.2 Therapeutic Options for Stroke Survivors with Moderate and Mild Paresis
  • 5.3.3 Therapeutic Options Independent of Stage of Disease or Severity of Paresis
  • References
  • Mobility After Stroke: Relearning to Walk
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Best Evidence for Rehabilitations of Gait: Methodology
  • 3 Early Intensive Training in the Acute Phase (24 H) After Stroke
  • 4 Restoration of Gait in Severely Affected Patients Who cannot Walk Without Help
  • 4.1 Discussion: Restoration of Gait in Non-Ambulatory Patients
  • 4.2 Summary
  • 5 Improvement of Gait in Patients Who Walk Independently or With Little Help
  • 5.1 Discussion: Improving Walking Ability in Ambulatory and Nearly Ambulatory Patients
  • 5.2 Summary
  • 6 Improvement of Balance, Reduction of Falls
  • 6.1 Discussion: Improvement of Balance, Reduction of Falls
  • 6.2 Summary
  • 7 Improvement of Walking Speed
  • 7.1 Discussion: Improvement of Walking Speed
  • 7.2 Summary
  • 8 Improvement of Walking Distance
  • 8.1 Discussion: Increasing Walking Distance
  • 8.2 Summary
  • 9 General Discussion and Conclusions
  • References
  • Post-Stroke Spasticity
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Methods Used for Evidence Synthesis and Practice Recommendations
  • 3 Problem Identification and Clinical Assessment
  • 4 Treatment Goal Setting
  • 4.1 Goal Setting
  • 4.2 Goal Attainment Scaling
  • 5 Pharmacological and Surgical Treatment
  • 5.1 Systemic Medications
  • 5.2 Botulinum Toxin Treatment.
  • 5.2.1 Treatment Outcomes: Upper Limbs
  • 5.2.2 Treatment Outcomes: Lower Limbs
  • 5.2.3 Treatment Outcomes: Spasticity- or Spasm-Associated Pain
  • 5.2.4 Botulinum Toxin A Injection Guidance
  • 5.2.5 BoNT-A Products
  • 5.2.6 BoNT-A Dosing
  • 5.2.7 Adjuvant Therapies to BoNT-A
  • 5.3 Neurolysis
  • 5.4 Intrathecal Baclofen (ITB)
  • 5.5 Surgical Management
  • References
  • Rehabilitation of Communication Disorders
  • 1 Introduction: The Clinical Problem
  • 1.1 Aphasia
  • 1.2 Dysarthria
  • 1.3 Apraxia
  • 2 Recommendations for the Assessment and Treatment of Post-Stroke Communication Disorders
  • 2.1 Clinical Assessment of Communication Disorders
  • 2.2 Behavioural Therapy Interventions
  • 2.2.1 Aphasia Therapy
  • Impairment Focus
  • Activity/Participation Focus
  • 2.2.2 Dysarthria Therapy
  • 2.2.3 Apraxia of Speech
  • 2.3 Biological Therapies
  • 2.3.1 Pharmacological Treatments
  • 2.3.2 Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS)
  • 2.4 Timing, Intensity, Dose and Duration of Therapy
  • 2.4.1 Timing
  • 2.4.2 Intensity, Dose and Duration
  • 2.5 Methods of Therapy Delivery
  • 2.5.1 Group Therapy
  • 2.5.2 Use of Volunteers
  • 2.5.3 Use of Computers/Telepractice
  • 2.6 Alternative and Augmentative Communication
  • 2.7 Communication Environment
  • 2.7.1 Conversation/Communication Partner Training
  • 2.8 Psychosocial Interventions to Manage Mood Disorders Secondary to Aphasia
  • 3 Top Ten Best Practice Recommendations for Aphasia and Forthcoming Information
  • References
  • Treating Neurovisual Deficits and Spatial Neglect
  • 1 Neurovisual Disorders After Brain Damage
  • 1.1 Assessment of Neurovisual Disorders
  • 1.2 Therapy of Neurovisual Disorders
  • 1.2.1 Saccadic Compensation (or Scanning) Training
  • 1.2.2 Hemianopic Reading Training
  • 1.2.3 Compensatory or Restorative Visual Field Training?.
  • 1.2.4 Ineffective or Disadvantageous Therapies in VFDs.

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