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One Hundred Years of Social Protection : The Changing Social Question in Brazil, India, China, and South Africa.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Leisering, Lutz.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2020.
Edition:1st ed.
Series:Global Dynamics of Social Policy Series
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Global Dynamics of Social Policy
  • Preface and Acknowledgements
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables
  • Notes on Contributors
  • Part I: Introduction
  • 1: Social Protection in the Global South: An Ideational and Historical Approach
  • Towards a New Approach to Analysing Social Policy in the Global South
  • Ideas: A Constructivist Sociology of Knowledge Approach
  • Strategies for Theorising Southern Welfare
  • Explanatory Theories of Social Policy
  • Conceptualising Social Policy Ideas: A Multi-layered Model
  • A First Glimpse of the Four Countries: Basic Social, Political, and Economic Data
  • The Chapters
  • References
  • Part II: China
  • 2: The Early Rise of Social Security in China: Ideas and Reforms, 1911-1949
  • Introduction: The Early Rise of Social Ideas and Policies
  • Social Security in Imperial China: From Benevolence to Disciplined Labour
  • The Rise of the Social Question: Non-Marxist Versus Marxist Concepts, 1900-1920s
  • The GMD State's Social Policy: State-building, Productivism, and Collectivism, 1927-1937
  • Wartime Social Policy: Universal Social Security and China's "Special Situation" (1937-1945)
  • Post-war Development: Establishing Social Security Institutions, 1945-1978
  • Conclusion: Ideas and Reforms
  • References
  • 3: Social Security: The Career of a Contested Social Idea in China During the Reform Era, 1978-2020
  • Introduction: The Rise of the Idea of "Social Security" in China
  • Socialist Welfare Ideas, 1949-1978: Urban Labour Insurance Versus Rural Residual Welfare
  • Urban Welfare
  • Rural Welfare
  • The Ideational Turn in the Course of Economic Reforms, 1978-2000: "Socialisation" of Welfare
  • SOE Reform and Its Effects
  • Policy Reforms: Pensions and Healthcare
  • The Emergence of the Idea of "Social Security" in the New Millennium: From GDPism to Inclusive Growth.
  • Social Security as "Social Governance", 2012-Present: From Regulatory Managerialism to Statist Control
  • Conclusion: Social Security in the Shadow of Hierarchy
  • References
  • Internet Sources
  • Part III: India
  • 4: Social Policy in India: One Hundred Years of the (Stifled) Social Question
  • Introduction
  • Religious Reforms as Social Reforms
  • "Asiatic" Stifling
  • Political Freedom over Social Justice
  • Three Ideas of the "Social" at the Founding Moment of India
  • Did the Reservation System Achieve Its Goal?
  • Democracy's Coexistence with Religion
  • Economic Development over the Social Question
  • Authoritarian Democracy Stifles the "Social" Question
  • Ideational Stifling from International Regimes
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 5: Minoritarian Labour Welfare in India: The Case of the Employees' State Insurance Act of 1948
  • Welfare in India: Institutional Pillars and Social Contexts
  • Early Industrial Welfare and the Debate on Welfare Legislation in Interwar India
  • The Employees' State Insurance Act: The Making of a Law
  • Repercussions: Graded Informality, a "Birthright" Lost and a Horizon of Expectation
  • References
  • Part IV: South Africa
  • 6: The Social Question in Pre-apartheid South Africa: Race, Religion and the State
  • Introduction
  • Securing the Racial Hierarchy, 1924-1933: State, Church and the "Poor White Problem"
  • The Institutionalisation of "Social Policy" Under the Fusion Governments, 1933-1939
  • The Experience of War, 1939-1945: External Influences, Local Conditions and "Social Security"
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Glossary
  • 7: A Racialised Social Question: Pension Reform in Apartheid South Africa
  • Introduction
  • Changes in Ideas, 1948-1990: An Outline of the Analysis
  • 1948-1960: "Separate Development" and the Problem of "Civilised Labour"
  • Frame: "Apartheid"-The Idea of Separate Development.
  • Racially Graded Social Responsibility
  • The Racialised Social Question Legitimised by the Civilisation Argument
  • Policy Paradigm: Afrikaner Upliftment as the Social Problem
  • Racially Graded Pension Schemes
  • Shifting the Dominant Frame: From Apartheid to "Independent Nations"
  • 1961-1979: "Independent Nations" and the Government's Attempt to Abandon Social Responsibility for Non-white Groups
  • Frame: Homelands ("Independent Nations")
  • Outsourcing Social Responsibility to "Independent Nation-States"
  • Racialised Social Question
  • Policy Paradigm: The "Superfluous Appendages"
  • Pension Policies
  • Shifting the Dominant Frame: From Independent Nations to an Ideational Void
  • 1980-1990: "A Country of Minorities" and Equalisation to an Extent
  • Frame: Power-Sharing and Unclear Directions
  • Social Responsibility: Each to Their Own or White Obligation?
  • Eclipsed Social Question: Equality How?
  • Policy Paradigms and Pension Policies: Cost Containment
  • Conclusion
  • Appendix
  • Data Collection and Sources
  • Quantitative Analysis: Frequencies and Word Selection
  • Qualitative Analysis: Constructive Reading
  • References
  • 8: (Re)formulating the Social Question in Post-apartheid South Africa: Zola Skweyiya, Dignity, Development and the Welfare State
  • Introduction
  • "Poverty Knowledge" and the Developmental Imperative (1994-1999)
  • Zola Skweyiya's Partial Reframing of Poverty (1999-2009)
  • The Conservative Backlash: The Social Question After Skweyiya (from 2009)
  • References
  • Part V: Brazil
  • 9: The Anatomy of the Social Question and the Evolution of the Brazilian Social Security System, 1919-2020
  • Brazil: A Crude Path to Modernity
  • 1889-1929: The Social Question as the Needs of the People-Under the First Republic-Repression, Concealment, and Reshaping
  • 1930-1945: The Social Question as a Workers' Question.
  • 1945-1963: The Social Question as the Regional Question Under Democratic Rule
  • 1964-1988: Dictatorship, the Authoritarian Modernization of Social Insurance, and the Struggle for Democracy
  • 1988-2015: A New Wave of Democracy-Social Security for All
  • National Social Insurance Scheme
  • Social Assistance
  • The Unified Healthcare System
  • Conclusion: The Social Compact at Risk
  • References
  • 10: Ideational Bases of Land Reform in Brazil: 1910 to the Present
  • Emergence of Pro-land Reform Ideas: the 1910s
  • Societal Recognition of the Agrarian Question: 1920s to the Mid-1950s
  • Mobilisation Without Reform: Late 1950s to Mid-1980s
  • Democracy, Protest and Limited Reform: Mid-1980s to the Present
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Part VI: Conclusion
  • 11: One Hundred Years of Social Protection: The Rise of the Social Question in Brazil, India, China, and South Africa, 1920-2020
  • Historical Evolution: 1920 to 2020 Was the Century of Social Protections for These Four Countries
  • Constructing the Social: All Four Countries, India the Least, Have Articulated Social Issues as a Social Question
  • State Responsibility, Policy Paradigms, and Welfare Models
  • Tracing the Social Question
  • Political Language: The Spread of "Social" Semantics
  • The Career of "Social Security"
  • Multireferentiality: Social Protection Is Largely Driven and Shaped by "Non-social" Ideas and Interests
  • Transnational Diffusion: External Ideas Have Pervaded Domestic Debates on Social Protection from the Beginning (the 1920s)
  • The Social Question in Flux: Diversification and Traps
  • "Exclusion/Inclusion": The New Social Question?
  • The Residualism Trap
  • The Inequality Trap
  • Renewing the Social Question
  • References
  • Index.

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