Habitats and Biota of the Gulf of Mexico : Volume 1: Water Quality, Sediments, Sediment Contaminants, Oil and Gas Seeps, Coastal Habitats, Offshore Plankton and Benthos, and Shellfish.
Main Author: | |
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Format: | eBook |
Language: | English |
Published: |
New York, NY :
Springer New York,
2017.
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Edition: | 1st ed. |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Preface
- About the Editor
- About the Authors
- External Peer Reviewers
- Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Chapter 1: Habitats and Biota of the Gulf of Mexico: An Overview
- 1.1 Introduction and Overview of Chapter Topics
- 1.2 Water Quality in the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 2)
- 1.3 Sediments of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 3)
- 1.4 Sediment Contaminants of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 4)
- 1.5 Oil and Gas Seeps in the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 5)
- 1.6 Coastal Habitats of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 6)
- 1.7 Offshore Plankton and Benthos of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 7)
- 1.8 Shellfish of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 8)
- 1.9 Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 9)*
- 1.10 Commercial and Recreational Fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 10)
- 1.11 Sea Turtles of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 11)
- 1.12 Avian Resources of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 12)
- 1.13 Marine Mammals of the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 13)
- 1.14 Diseases and Mortalities of Fishes and Other Animals in the Gulf of Mexico (Chapter 14)
- 1.15 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 2: Water Quality of the Gulf of Mexico
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Determinants and Measures of Water Quality
- 2.2.1 Physiographic Setting
- 2.2.2 Human Activities
- 2.2.3 Water Clarity
- 2.2.4 Eutrophication
- 2.2.5 Chemical Contaminants
- 2.2.6 Water Quality Impairment and Biological Contaminants
- 2.3 Coastal Water Quality
- 2.3.1 NOAAś Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment (1999)
- 2.3.2 USEPAś National Coastal Condition Reports I (2001) and II (2004)
- 2.3.3 USEPA National Estuarine Condition (2006)
- 2.3.4 USEPAś National Coastal Condition Report III (2008)
- 2.3.5 USEPAś National Coastal Condition Report IV (2012)
- 2.3.6 State of the Bays
- 2.3.6.1 Texas Bays
- 2.3.6.2 Louisiana Bays
- 2.3.6.3 Mississippi and Alabama Bays.
- 2.3.6.4 Florida Bays
- 2.3.7 Coastal Water Quality and Petroleum
- 2.3.7.1 Natural Oil and Gas Seeps
- 2.3.7.2 Extraction of Petroleum
- 2.3.7.3 Transportation of Petroleum
- 2.3.7.4 Consumption of Petroleum
- 2.3.7.5 Spatial Variability of Petroleum Contamination
- 2.3.8 Coastal Water Quality and Utilization of Water
- 2.3.9 Temporal Trends in Coastal Water Quality
- 2.4 Continental Shelf/Slope and Abyssal Water Quality
- 2.4.1 Hypoxia on the Continental Shelf
- 2.4.2 Continental Shelf/Slope and Abyssal Water Quality and Contaminants
- 2.5 Summary
- References
- Appendix A
- Appendix B
- Appendix C
- Chapter 3: Sediments of the Gulf of Mexico
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Bathymetric Provinces
- 3.2.1 Sigsbee Abyssal Plain
- 3.2.2 Mississippi Fan (Cone)
- 3.2.3 Continental Slope
- 3.2.4 Continental Shelf
- 3.2.4.1 Relict Sediment Cover
- 3.2.4.2 Modern Sediment Cover
- 3.2.5 Coastal Environments
- 3.2.5.1 Beach and Nearshore Zone (Barrier Islands)
- 3.2.5.2 Dunes
- 3.2.5.3 Tidal Inlets
- 3.2.5.4 Wetlands
- 3.2.5.5 Estuaries
- 3.2.5.6 Lagoons
- 3.3 General Characteristics of Sediments
- 3.3.1 Terrigenous Sediments
- 3.3.2 Biogenic Sediments
- 3.3.2.1 Calcium Carbonate
- 3.3.2.2 Phosphate Skeletons
- 3.3.2.3 Siliceous Skeletal Material
- 3.3.3 Chemical Sediments
- 3.3.4 Sediment Grain Size
- 3.3.4.1 Gravel
- 3.3.4.2 Sand
- 3.3.4.3 Silt
- 3.3.4.4 Clay
- 3.3.4.5 Mud
- 3.4 General Sediment Distribution
- 3.4.1 Abyssal Plain
- 3.4.2 Mississippi Fan
- 3.4.3 Continental Slope
- 3.4.4 Continental Shelf
- 3.4.4.1 West Florida Peninsular Gulf
- 3.4.4.2 Florida Panhandle
- 3.4.4.3 Alabama-Mississippi
- 3.4.4.4 Louisiana
- 3.4.4.5 Texas
- 3.4.4.6 Mexico and Cuba
- 3.4.5 Mississippi Delta
- 3.4.6 Beach Sediments
- 3.4.7 Estuaries and Lagoons
- 3.4.7.1 Florida Bay
- 3.4.7.2 Charlotte Harbor.
- 3.4.7.3 Tampa Bay
- 3.4.7.4 Apalachicola Bay
- 3.4.7.5 Pensacola, East, and Escambia Bays
- 3.4.7.6 Mobile Bay
- 3.4.7.7 Galveston Bay
- 3.4.7.8 Matagorda Bay
- 3.4.7.9 San Antonio Bay
- 3.4.7.10 Aransas and Copano Bays
- 3.4.7.11 Corpus Christi Bay and Nueces Bay
- 3.4.7.12 Baffin Bay
- 3.4.7.13 Laguna Madre
- 3.4.7.14 Lagoons of Mexico and Cuba
- 3.5 Summary
- References
- Chapter 4: Sediment Contaminants of the Gulf of Mexico
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.1.1 Classes of Contaminants
- 4.1.2 Scope of the Summary
- 4.2 The Origins and Behavior of Contaminants in the Environment
- 4.2.1 The Mississippi River
- 4.2.2 Biological Effects Levels: Usage and Limitations
- 4.3 Coastal Sediments
- 4.3.1 NOAA National Status and Trends Program
- 4.3.2 USEPA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program
- 4.3.3 USEPA National Coastal Condition Report I
- 4.3.4 USEPA National Coastal Condition Report II
- 4.3.5 USEPA National Coastal Condition Report III
- 4.3.6 USEPA National Coastal Condition Report IV
- 4.3.7 Gulf of Mexico Bays
- 4.3.8 Temporal Variations
- 4.4 Continental Shelf/Slope and Abyssal Sediments
- 4.4.1 Natural Oil and Gas Seepage
- 4.4.2 Other Contaminants Attributable to Humans
- 4.4.3 Mass Loading of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
- 4.4.4 Temporal Variations
- 4.5 Summary
- References
- Appendix A: Characteristics of Common SVOC Contaminants
- Appendix B: Characteristics of Common Metal Contaminants
- Chapter 5: Oil and Gas Seeps in the Gulf of Mexico
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 History
- 5.2.1 History of Oil and Gas Seeps Worldwide
- 5.2.2 History of Oil and Gas Seeps in the Gulf of Mexico
- 5.3 Prevalence
- 5.4 Petroleum Geology
- 5.4.1 Source Rocks and Petroleum Generation
- 5.4.2 Migration Pathways
- 5.5 Biogeochemistry
- 5.5.1 Chemistry
- 5.5.2 Weathering
- 5.5.3 Biochemistry
- 5.5.4 Geochemistry.
- 5.6 Terrestrial Environments
- 5.7 Marine Environments
- 5.7.1 Sea-Surface Slicks and Water Column Plumes
- 5.7.2 Seafloor Sediments
- 5.7.3 Gas Hydrate
- 5.7.4 Cold-Seep Communities
- 5.7.5 Exemplar Sites
- 5.8 Summary
- References
- Appendix A: Geochemical Definitions
- Chapter 6: Coastal Habitats of the Gulf of Mexico
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Physiographic Framework
- 6.2.1 Marine Ecoregions
- 6.2.2 Terrestrial Ecoregions
- 6.3 Physical Setting
- 6.3.1 Formation of the Gulf of Mexico Basin
- 6.3.2 Terrestrial Controls on Coastal Evolution
- 6.3.3 Oceanographic Processes
- 6.3.3.1 Meteorological Conditions
- 6.3.3.2 Tides
- 6.3.3.3 Circulation
- 6.3.3.4 Wind Waves
- 6.3.3.5 Tropical Cyclones
- 6.3.3.6 Relative Sea-Level Rise
- 6.3.4 Shoreline Change and Longshore Sediment Transport
- 6.3.4.1 South Florida Marine Ecoregion
- 6.3.4.2 Northern Gulf of Mexico Marine Ecoregion
- 6.3.4.2.1 Central West Florida Barrier Islands
- 6.3.4.2.2 Big Bend Coastal Marshes
- 6.3.4.2.3 Northeastern Gulf Barrier Islands and Beaches
- 6.3.4.2.4 Mississippi River Deltaic Plain
- 6.3.4.2.5 Mississippi River Chenier Plain
- 6.3.4.2.6 Texas Mid-Coast Barrier Islands
- 6.3.4.2.7 Laguna Madre Barrier Islands
- 6.3.4.2.8 Laguna Morales Barrier Beaches to Barra del Tordo
- 6.3.4.3 Southern Gulf of Mexico Marine Ecoregion
- 6.3.4.3.1 Veracruz Neritic Barrier Shoreline
- 6.3.4.3.2 Tabascan Neritic Rocky and Deltaic Shoreline
- 6.3.4.3.3 Campeche/Yucatn Carbonate Beach
- 6.3.4.4 Caribbean Sea Marine Ecoregion: Cabo Catoche to Cancún
- 6.3.4.5 Greater Antilles Marine Ecoregion: Northwestern Cuba
- 6.4 Biogeographic Setting
- 6.4.1 Introduction to Vegetated Marine Habitats
- 6.4.1.1 The Barrier Strand
- 6.4.1.2 Marine Intertidal Wetlands
- 6.4.1.3 Seagrass Beds
- 6.4.1.4 Intertidal Flats and Subtidal Soft Bottoms.
- 6.4.2 Depositional Characteristics of Vegetated Marine Habitats
- 6.4.2.1 South Florida/Bahamian Atlantic Marine Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.2 Northern Gulf of Mexico Marine Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.2.1 Southwestern Florida Flatwoods Terrestrial Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.2.2 Big Bend Coastal Marsh Terrestrial Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.2.3 Gulf Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes Terrestrial Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.2.4 Deltaic Coastal Marshes and Barrier Islands Terrestrial Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.2.5 Texas-Louisiana Coastal Marshes Terrestrial Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.2.6 Mid-Coast Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes Terrestrial Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.2.7 Laguna Madre Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes Terrestrial Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.3 Southern Gulf of Mexico Marine Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.3.1 Veracruz Neritic Marine Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.3.2 Tabascan Neritic Marine Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.3.3 Campeche/Yucatn Inner Neritic Marine Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.4 Caribbean Sea Marine Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.4.1 Contoyan Neritic Marine Ecoregion
- 6.4.2.5 Greater Antilles Marine Ecoregion
- 6.4.3 Introduction to Aquatic Fauna of Vegetated Marine Habitats
- 6.4.4 Ecosystem Services and Societal Benefits of Vegetated Marine Habitats
- 6.5 Coastal Habitat Ecology
- 6.5.1 Barrier Strand Habitats
- 6.5.1.1 Dominant Forcing Functions
- 6.5.1.2 Plant Communities and Associated Vegetation
- 6.5.1.3 Fauna: Swash Zone and Shallow Tidal Pass Habitats
- 6.5.1.3.1 Biotic Community Structure
- 6.5.2 Salt Marshes
- 6.5.2.1 Dominant Forcing Functions
- 6.5.2.2 Vegetation
- 6.5.2.2.1 Structure and Zonation
- 6.5.2.2.2 Salt Marsh Zonation and Distribution in the Gulf of Mexico
- 6.5.2.2.3 Salt Marsh Primary Productivity
- 6.5.2.3 Fauna
- 6.5.3 Mangroves
- 6.5.3.1 Dominant Forcing Functions
- 6.5.3.2 Vegetation
- 6.5.3.2.1 Structure and Zonation
- 6.5.3.2.2 Distribution
- 6.5.3.2.3 Primary Productivity
- 6.5.3.3 Fauna.
- 6.5.4 Phragmites Reed Beds.