Illustrated Pollen Terminology.
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cham :
Springer International Publishing AG,
2018.
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| Edition: | 2nd ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Preface to the First Edition
- Preface to the Second Edition
- Contents
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Part I: General Chapters
- Palynology: History and Systematic Aspects
- The History of Palynology
- Categories, Classification Systems and Systematic Value of Pollen Features
- The Turmal System
- The Treme System and the NPC-Classification
- Systematic Value of Pollen Features
- Future Perspective
- References
- Pollen Development
- Microsporogenesis and Microgametogenesis
- References
- Pollen Morphology and Ultrastructure
- Polarity and Shape
- Apertures
- Pollen Wall
- Structure
- Sporopollenin
- Chemically Related Biomacromolecules
- The Angiosperm Pollen Wall
- The Gymnosperm Pollen Wall
- Sculpture: Ornamentation
- Ornamentation in LM vs. SEM
- Role of Pollen Ornamentation in Pollination
- Functional Value of Exine Reduction
- Harmomegathy: The Harmomegathic Effect
- Size
- Heterostyly and Pollen Dimorphism
- Aberrant Pollen Grains
- References
- Misinterpretations in Palynology
- Example 1: Tripartite Feature in Gymnosperms - Impression Mark
- Example 2: Tripartite Feature in Angiosperms - Triangular Tenuitas
- Example 3: Tripartite Feature in Angiosperms - Synaperture
- Example 4: Tripartite Feature in Angiosperms - Trichotomosulcus
- Example 5: Tripartite Feature in Angiosperms - Sulci vs. Colpi vs. tenuitas
- Example 6: Tripartite Feature in Angiosperms - Triradiate Aperture
- Example 7: Apertures in Angiosperms - Planaperturate
- Example 8: Apertures in Angiosperms - Inconspicuous Pori
- Example 9: Apertures in Angiosperms - Inconspicuous Colpi
- Example 10: Apertures in Angiosperms - Hidden Apertures
- Example 11: Apertures in Angiosperms - Ring-like Apertures vs. Colpate-Operculate
- Example 12: Apertures in angiosperms - Tenuitas vs. Poroid.
- Example 13: Apertures in Angiosperms - Infoldings vs. Apertures
- Example 14: Apertures in Angiosperms - Ulcerate-Operculate vs. Ring-like Aperture
- Example 15: Apertures in Angiosperms - Disulcate vs. Dicolpate
- Example 16: Apertures in Angiosperms - Zon-, Zono-, Zoni-, Zona- vs. Ring-like Aperture and Stephanoaperturate Pollen
- Example 17: Magnification Effect - Retipilate vs. Reticulum Cristatum
- Example 18: Dispersal Units - Massula vs. Polyad
- Example 19: Preparation Effect - Psilate vs. Ornamented
- Example 20: Preparation Effect - Areolate-Fossulate vs. Verrucate
- Example 21: Preparation Effect - Striate vs. Striato-reticulate
- Example 22: Staining Methods - Absence or Presence of Endexine
- References
- How to Describe and Illustrate Pollen Grains
- Pollen from a Single Extant Taxon: Online Publication in PalDat
- Groups of Extant Pollen
- Fossil Pollen
- References
- Methods in Palynology
- Preparation of Recent and Fossil Material for LM, SEM, and TEM
- Light Microscopy
- Pollen Hydration Status at Dispersal
- Pollen Hydrated in Water
- Clarify the Pollen Polarity and Aperture Type
- Acetocarmine Staining: Detection of the Cellular Condition
- Potassium Iodine: Detection of Starch
- Acetolysis: Visualizing Pollen Ornamentation and Aperture Number in Recent and Fossil Pollen
- Heavy Liquid Separation
- Acetolysis the Fast Way
- Scanning Electron Microscopy: Preparation of Recent Pollen
- The DMP Direct Method: Dimethoxypropane
- Transmission Electron Microscopy: Pollen Wall Stratification and Ultrastructure
- Fixation and Embedding
- Ultramicrotomy
- Formvar Film-Coated Grids
- Section Manipulators (Eyelash or Other Adequate Type of Hair)
- Loops
- Specimen Block Trimming
- Glass Knives
- Semi-Thin Sectioning
- Ultra-Thin Sectioning
- Section Pick-Up
- Staining Methods.
- Uranyl Acetate-Lead Citrate Staining: U + Pb
- The Lipid Test for the Detection of Unsaturated Lipids: TCH + SP
- Thiéry-Test: PA + TCH + SP
- Modified Thiéry-Test: PA + TCH + SP (short)
- Potassium Permanganate: KMnO4
- Preparation of Fossil Pollen
- Preparation Method: From Rock to Palynomorphs
- The Single-Grain Method
- Making Glass-Pipettes
- Producing a Micromanipulator
- Applying the Single-Grain Method
- Recipes
- Recipes for Light Microscopy (LM)
- Acetocarmine (Staining)
- Potassium Iodine (Lugol's Iodine, Detection of Starch)
- Toluidine Blue (Staining)
- Chlorination Mixture
- Acetolysis Mixture
- Zinc Bromide Solution (Heavy Liquid Separation for Samples with a High Mineral Content)
- Recipes for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
- Dimethoxypropane (Dehydration)
- Recipes for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
- 3% Glutaraldehyde (Fixation)
- 1 % Osmium Tetroxide (Fixation)
- Phosphate Buffer pH 7.2 (Fixation)
- 0.8% Potassium Ferrocyanide (Accelerator for Osmium)
- Agar Low Viscosity Resin Kit (Embedding)
- Potassium Iodine (Staining)
- 1% Potassium Permanganate (Fixation and Staining)
- 1% Periodic Acid (Staining)
- 0.2% Thiocarbohydrazide (Staining)
- 1% Silver Proteinate (Staining)
- Uranyl Acetate (Staining)
- Lead Citrate (Staining)
- Formvar Filming Solution (Film-Coated Grids)
- References
- Part II: Illustrated Pollen Terms
- Pollen- and Dispersal Units
- monad
- dyad
- pseudomonad
- tetrad
- tetrad tetrahedral
- tetrad decussate
- tetrad planar
- polyad
- massula
- pollinium
- pollinarium
- Shape and Polarity
- outline circular
- outline elliptic
- outline lobate
- outline triangular
- outline quadrangular
- outline polygonal
- P/E-ratio, oblate
- P/E-ratio, isodiametric
- P/E-ratio, prolate
- isopolar
- heteropolar
- shape
- saccus/saccate, corpus.
- saccus, monosaccate
- saccus, bisaccate
- saccus, trisaccate
- infoldings, apertures sunken
- infoldings, boat-shaped
- infoldings, cup-shaped
- infoldings, interapertural area sunken
- infoldings, irregular
- Aperture
- angulaperturate
- annulus/annulate
- aperture/aperturate
- aperture membrane
- atrium, oncus
- brevicolpus/brevicolpate
- brevicolporus/brevicolporate
- bridge
- colpus/colpate, dicolpate
- colpus/colpate, tricolpate
- colpus/colpate, tetracolpate, pentacolpate
- colpus/colpate, hexacolpate
- colpus/colpate, stephanocolpate
- colpus/colpate, pantocolpate
- colporus/colporate, dicolporate
- colporus/colporate, tricolporate
- colporus/colporate, tetracolporate
- colporus/colporate, pentacolporate, stephanocolporate
- colporus/colporate, stephanocolporate
- ektoaperture, endoaperture, lalongate, lolongate
- heteroaperturate
- inaperturate
- leptoma
- margo
- operculum/operculate
- pantoaperturate, pantocolpate
- pantoaperturate, pantocolporate, pantoporate
- pantoaperturate, pantoporate
- papilla
- planaperturate
- pontoperculum/pontoperculate
- porus/porate, diporate
- porus/porate, triporate
- porus/porate, tetraporate
- porus/porate, pentaporate
- porus/porate, stephanoporate
- porus/porate, pantoporate
- poroid/poroidate
- pseudocolpus
- ring-like aperture
- spiral aperture/spiraperturate
- stephanoaperturate
- sulcus/sulcate
- sulcus/sulcate, disulcate
- sulcus/sulcate, trichotomosulcate
- sulcus/sulcate, polychotomosulcate
- synaperturate, syncolpate, syncolporate
- synaperturate, syncolporate
- ulcus/ulcerate
- Ornamentation
- areola/areolate
- baculum/baculate
- bireticulate
- clava/clavate, caput
- clypeate
- croton pattern
- echinus/echinate
- fossula/fossulate
- foveola/foveolate
- free-standing columellae
- gemma/gemmate
- granulum/granulate.
- heterobrochate
- homobrochate
- lophae/lophate, lacunae
- micro-
- nano-
- perforate
- plicae/plicate
- psilate
- reticulum/reticulate
- reticulum cristatum
- rugulae/rugulate
- scabrate
- striae/striate
- striato-reticulate
- suprasculpture
- supratectal element
- verruca/verrucate
- Pollen Wall
- tectum/tectate
- eutectate
- semitectate
- atectate
- infratectum alveolate
- infratectum columellate
- infratectum granular
- infratectum absent
- internal tectum
- foot layer
- endexine compact-continuous
- endexine compact-discontinuous
- endexine spongy-continuous
- endexine lamellar-continuous
- endexine in aperture only
- endexine absent
- intine, ektintine, endintine
- primexine
- sexine, nexine
- calymmate
- acalymmate
- arcus/arcuate
- tenuitas
- pollen coating, pollenkitt
- pollen coating, primexine matrix
- pollen coating, tryphine
- elastoviscin
- viscin thread
- Ubisch body (Ubisch bodies)
- Pollen Class
- pollen class
- Part III: Palynological Terms
- Glossary of Palynological Terms
- Annex
- Picture Copyrights
- Chapter: "Pollen- and Dispersal Units"
- Chapter: "Shape and Polarity"
- Chapter: "Aperture"
- Chapter: "Ornamentation"
- Chapter: "Pollen Wall"
- Chapter: "Pollen Class"
- Index.