Table of Contents: Autonomous Driving :

Autonomous Driving : Technical, Legal and Social Aspects.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Maurer, Markus.
Other Authors:	Gerdes, J. Christian., Lenz, Barbara., Winner, Hermann.
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2016.
Edition:	1st ed.
Subjects:	Electronic books.
Online Access:	Click to View

Table of Contents:

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Society and Mobility
About the Editors
Contributors
1 Introduction
1.1 What Is Autonomous Driving?
1.2 Autonomous Driving-Drivers Behind the Research
1.3 The Layout of this Book
1.4 Work in the Project
References
2 Use Cases for Autonomous Driving
2.1 Motivation for the Consideration of Use Cases
2.2 General Assumptions
2.3 Description of the Use Cases
2.3.1 Interstate Pilot Using Driver for Extended Availability
2.3.1.1 Benefit
2.3.1.2 Description
2.3.1.3 Values of Characteristics
2.3.2 Autonomous Valet Parking
2.3.2.1 Benefit
2.3.2.2 Description
2.3.2.3 Values of Characteristics
2.3.3 Full Automation Using Driver for Extended Availability
2.3.3.1 Benefit
2.3.3.2 Description
2.3.3.3 Values of Characteristics
2.3.4 Vehicle on Demand
2.3.4.1 Benefit
2.3.4.2 Description
2.3.4.3 Values of Characteristics
2.4 Selected Characteristics to Describe the Use Cases
2.4.1 Characteristic A: Type of Occupant
2.4.1.1 Motivation
2.4.1.2 Values of the Characteristic
2.4.2 Characteristic B: Maximum Permitted Gross Weight
2.4.2.1 Motivation
2.4.2.2 Values of the Characteristic
2.4.3 Characteristic C: Maximum Deployment Velocity
2.4.3.1 Motivation
2.4.3.2 Values of Characteristic
2.4.4 Characteristic D: Scenery
2.4.4.1 Motivation
2.4.4.2 Values of the Characteristic
2.4.5 Characteristic E: Dynamic Elements
2.4.5.1 Motivation
2.4.5.2 Values of the Characteristic
2.4.6 Characteristic F: Information Flow Between the Driving Robot and Other Entities
2.4.6.1 Motivation
2.4.6.2 Values of the Characteristic
2.4.7 Characteristic G: Availability Concept
2.4.7.1 Motivation
2.4.7.2 Values of the Characteristic
2.4.8 Characteristic H: Extension Concept
2.4.8.1 Motivation.
2.4.8.2 Values of the Characteristic
2.4.9 Characteristic I: Options for Intervention
2.4.9.1 Motivation
2.5 General Definitions
References
Man and Machine
3 Automated Driving in Its Social, Historical and Cultural Contexts
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Early Aviation and Radio Technology Lays the Foundation
3.3 Technical Beginnings: Driverless, but not Self-steering
3.4 Between the Weird and the Wonderful
3.5 Only a Driverless Car is a Safe Car
3.6 Guide Wires Become Utopian Guiding Principles
3.7 Self-driving Transport in General Motors' Futurama
3.8 Estheticizing the Guide-Wire Principle
3.9 Setting the Family in Self-driving Vehicles
3.10 The Interstate System and the Dream of the Magic Highway
3.11 The Technical Realization of the Guide-Wire Vision and Its Illustration
3.12 Cruise Control as a Byproduct of Technological Utopia
3.13 Weirdly Bringing the Machine to Life
3.14 The Driverless Automobile in Film
3.15 From Friendly Helpers to Killer Machines
3.16 The Rise of Microelectronics and the Fall of the Guide-Wire Concept
3.17 Knight Rider and On-board Electronics
3.18 Autonomous Vehicles in Science Fiction Films
3.19 The Getaway Car's Demise in Fully Automated Vehicles with No Interface
3.20 Selecting the Control Mode by Voice or the Touch of a Button
3.21 Why Remote Control is Less Scary?
3.22 Outlook
3.22.1 Is Siri Paving the Way for Iris?
References
4 Why Ethics Matters for Autonomous Cars
4.1 Why Ethics Matters
4.1.1 Beyond Crash-Avoidance
4.1.2 Crash-Optimization Means Targeting
4.1.3 Beyond Harm
4.2 Scenarios that Implicate Ethics
4.2.1 The Deer
4.2.2 Self-sacrifice
4.2.3 Ducking Harm
4.2.4 Trolley Problems
4.3 Next Steps
4.3.1 Broader Ethical Issues
4.3.2 Conclusions
References.
5 Implementable Ethics for Autonomous Vehicles
5.1 Control Systems and Optimal Control
5.2 Cost Functions and Consequentialism
5.3 Constraints and Deontological Ethics
5.4 Traffic Laws-Constraint or Cost?
5.5 Simple Implementations of Ethical Rules
5.6 Human Override and the "Big Red Button"
References
6 The Interaction Between Humans and Autonomous Agents
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Human Factor in Autonomous Vehicles
6.2.1 The Design of Automated Systems
6.2.2 Automation in the Car
6.2.3 What Are Mental Models?
6.3 Mental Models of Autonomous Driving
6.3.1 Methods
6.3.1.1 Questionnaire
6.3.1.2 Sample
6.3.1.3 Data Analysis Affective Similarity
6.3.2 Results
6.3.2.1 Driver Assistance Systems and Giving up Driving Responsibilities
6.3.2.2 Representations of the Driver's Role and Use Cases
6.3.2.3 Cognitive and Emotional Representations of the Use Cases
6.3.2.4 Intervention, Control and Experience Needs
6.3.3 Summary and Conclusions
Literature
7 Communication and Communication Problems Between Autonomous Vehicles and Human Drivers
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Questions
7.3 How do Road Users Communicate?
7.4 Implications of Communications Options on Traffic Safety
7.5 Is the Ability to Communicate a Requirement for the Other Road Users to Accept Autonomous Vehicles?
7.6 What Mental Model Will Other Road Users Apply When Reacting to Autonomous Vehicle's Driving Errors?
7.7 Cultural Differences
7.8 Means of Compensation
7.9 New Forms of Communication for an Effective Exchange of Information from Both Psychological and Technological Perspectives
7.10 Conclusions
References
Mobility
Foreword
8 Autonomous Driving-Political, Legal, Social, and Sustainability Dimensions
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Autonomous Driving from an Innovation Policy Perspective.
8.3 Visions of Autonomous Driving in Europe
8.3.1 European Strategy Documents
8.3.1.1 Competitiveness and Innovation
8.3.1.2 Efficiency and Sustainability
8.3.1.3 Harmonization and Coordination
8.3.1.4 Safety
8.3.1.5 Summary
8.3.2 Research Related to Autonomous Driving (EU)
8.3.3 Actors and Arenas for Autonomous Driving in the EU
8.4 National and International Legislative and Political Developments
8.4.1 Regulatory Changes to the United Nations Convention on Road Traffic (Vienna Convention)
8.4.2 USA
8.4.3 Japan
8.4.4 United Kingdom
8.4.5 Sweden
8.4.6 Germany
8.5 Analysis
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 New Mobility Concepts and Autonomous Driving: The Potential for Change
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Carsharing: "Core Application" of New Mobility Concepts
9.2.1 Station-Based Carsharing
9.2.2 Flexible (One-Way) Carsharing
9.2.3 Peer-to-Peer Carsharing
9.3 Users and Use of the New Mobility Concepts
9.3.1 Users and Usage Conditions
9.3.2 The Carsharer-the "New Citizen" in a Sharing Economy?
9.4 Digitalization of the Everyday World as a Basic Precondition for New Mobility Concepts
9.5 Can New Mobility Concepts Be Further Developed via Carsharing's Automation?
9.5.1 Autonomous Valet Parking in Carsharing
9.5.2 Carsharing Used as "Full Automation Using Driver for Extended Availability"
9.5.3 Carsharing as Vehicle on Demand
9.5.4 Interim Summary
9.6 New Mobility Concepts Beyond Carsharing: Hybridization of Public Transportation?
9.6.1 Reshaping Intermodality and Making Public Transport More Flexible
9.6.2 Individualization of Public Transport
9.6.3 Broadening Service Options in Public Transport
9.7 Implementing New Mobility Concepts with Autonomous Vehicles
9.8 Conclusion
References
10 Deployment Scenarios for Vehicles with Higher-Order Automation.
10.1 Introduction and Background
10.2 Definition and Scope
10.3 Development Trends in Automated Driving
10.3.1 Continuous Improvement of Driver Assistance: Evolutionary Scenario
10.3.2 Redesigning Personal Mobility: Revolutionary Scenario
10.3.3 Merging Personal Mobility and Public Transportation: Transformative Scenario
10.4 Comparison of Scenarios
10.4.1 Systemic Comparison
10.4.2 Technical Comparison
10.4.3 Regulatory Comparison
10.4.4 Comparison of Corporate Strategies
10.5 Summary and Outlook
References
11 Autonomous Driving and Urban Land Use
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Autonomous Driving as a Feature of City-of-Tomorrow Scenarios
11.2.1 The Regenerative and Intelligent City
11.2.2 The Hypermobile City
11.2.3 The Endless City
11.2.4 Discussion
11.3 Autonomous Driving and Its Impact on Urban Structure
11.3.1 Autonomous Private Cars
11.3.1.1 Change in the Required Parking Area
11.3.1.2 Change in the Attractiveness of (Residential) Locations
11.3.1.3 Space Requirements for Flowing Traffic
11.3.2 Autonomous Taxis as an Integrated Part of Public Transport
11.3.2.1 Public Space Used for Transport and Parking
11.4 Essential Driving Forces for the Development of an Urban Transport System with Automated Vehicles
11.5 Summary and Outlook
References
12 Automated Vehicles and Automated Driving from a Demand Modeling Perspective
12.1 Motivation and Aims
12.2 What Determines Which Transport Mode We Choose?
12.3 Transport Mode Choice in Applied Transport Models
12.3.1 A Short Introduction to Transport Demand Modeling
12.3.2 Decision-Making Criteria in Applied Models of Transport Mode Choice
12.4 What Impact Might the Roll Out of Automated Vehicles Have on Our Behavior in Choosing Transport Modes?.
12.4.1 Interstate Pilot: The Car with that Special Something for Exceptional Circumstances?.

Autonomous Driving : Technical, Legal and Social Aspects.

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