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Energy Efficient Servers : Blueprints for Data Center Optimization.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Gough, Corey.
Other Authors: Steiner, Ian., Saunders, Winston.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Berkeley, CA : Apress L. P., 2015.
Edition:1st ed.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Contents at a Glance
  • Contents
  • About the Authors
  • About the Technical Reviewers
  • Contributing Authors
  • Acknowledgments
  • Chapter 1: Why Data Center Efficiency Matters
  • An Industry's Call to Action
  • Data Center Infrastructure Energy Use
  • Energy Proportional Server Efficiency
  • Regulatory Environment
  • Measuring Energy Efficiency
  • SPECPower
  • High Performance Computing Efficiency
  • Energy Efficiency and Cost
  • Summary
  • Chapter 2: CPU Power Management
  • Server CPU Architecture/Design
  • CPU Architecture Building Blocks
  • Threads, Cores, and Modules
  • Caches and the Cache Hierarchy
  • Dies and Packages
  • On-die Fabrics and the Uncore
  • Power Control Unit
  • External Communication
  • Thermal Design
  • CPU Design Building Blocks
  • Digital Synchronous Logic and Clocks
  • SRAM and eDRAM
  • I/O
  • Intel Server Processors
  • Introduction to Power
  • CPU Power Breakdown
  • Logic Power
  • I/O Power
  • Frequency, Voltage, and Temperature Interactions
  • Power-Saving Techniques
  • Turn It Off
  • Turn It Down
  • Power-Saving Strategies
  • Race to Idle vs. Slow Down
  • CPU Power and Performance States
  • C-States
  • Thread C-States
  • Core C-States
  • Core C0
  • Core C1 and C1e
  • Core C3
  • Core C6
  • Core C7 (and up)
  • C-State Demotion
  • Package C-States
  • Module C-States
  • P-States
  • Per Socket P-States
  • Per Core P-States
  • Uncore Frequency Scaling
  • Turbo
  • Turbo Architecture
  • Power/Thermal Limits
  • Thermal Protection
  • Electrical Protection
  • C-States and Turbo
  • Fused Turbo Frequencies
  • T-States
  • S-States and G-States
  • S0i x
  • Running Average Power Limit (RAPL)
  • IMON and Digital Power Meter
  • Linpack Example
  • DRAM (Memory) RAPL
  • CPU Thermal Management
  • Prochot
  • CPU Power Management Summary
  • Summary
  • Chapter 3: Memory and I/O Power Management
  • System Memory.
  • Memory Architecture Basics
  • Devices and Ranks
  • Memory Error Correction (ECC)
  • Memory Capacity
  • Device Power Characteristics
  • DDR3 vs. DDR4
  • RDIMMs, UDIMMs, SODIMMs, and LRDIMMs
  • Memory Channel Interleave and Imbalanced Memory Configurations
  • Power and Performance States
  • CKE Power Savings
  • Self-Refresh
  • Voltage/Frequency
  • DDR Thermal Management
  • Monitoring Temperature
  • Memory Throttling
  • CPU DDRIO
  • Workload Behavior
  • Memory Reliability Features
  • CPU I/Os
  • CPU Interconnect
  • Link Power States
  • PCIe
  • Link Power States
  • Link Frequency/Voltage
  • Link Width
  • Hot Add
  • D-states
  • Summary
  • Chapter 4: Platform Power Management
  • Platform Overview
  • Common Platform Components
  • Integration
  • CPU Integration
  • Chipset Integration
  • Microservers and Server SoCs
  • Platform Manageability
  • CPU Sockets
  • Node Controllers
  • Memory Risers and Memory Buffer Chips
  • Server Chipsets
  • PCH and Platform Power Management
  • PCH Power Management
  • PCIe in Chipsets
  • PCH Thermal Management
  • Networking
  • Ambient Temperature, TDP, and Thermal Management
  • Attached Media
  • LAN Power Management Features
  • Media Speed
  • Energy Efficient Ethernet
  • Wake on LAN
  • Active State Power Management (ASPM)
  • Interrupt Moderation
  • USB
  • Link Power States
  • Link Frequency/Voltage
  • Storage
  • Storage Servers and Power Management
  • HDDs and SDDs
  • SATA and SAS Drive Power Management
  • Frequency/Voltage
  • NVMe Drive Power Management
  • Power Delivery
  • Overview of Power Delivery
  • Power Converter Basics
  • System AC/DC Power Supply
  • PSUs and the Boost Stage
  • PSUs and the Isolated Buck Stage
  • Redundant Power Supplies
  • Shared Power Supplies
  • PMBus
  • DC to DC Power Converters
  • Single-Phase Buck Converters
  • Motherboard Multiphase Buck Converters
  • SVID
  • Motherboard Linear Regulators.
  • Integrated Voltage Regulators
  • Power Management Integrated Circuit
  • Power Conversion Losses
  • Motherboard VRs
  • Single-Phase Buck Converter
  • Multiphase VR Losses
  • Phase Shedding
  • Diode Emulation and Burst Mode
  • System Power Supplies (AC/DC)
  • Right-Sizing Power Supplies
  • Closed Loop System Throttling ( CLST)
  • Losses in Redundant Power Supplies
  • Power Supply Cold Redundancy
  • Thermal Management
  • System Considerations
  • Component Thermal Management Features
  • Processors
  • Memory
  • Platform Thermal Management
  • Thermal Control Inputs-Sensors
  • Voltage Regulators
  • Power Supplies
  • Fan Speed Control and Design
  • Summary
  • Chapter 5: BIOS and Management Firmware
  • BIOS Firmware
  • Microcode Update
  • Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
  • S-states
  • C-states
  • P-states
  • D-states
  • ACPI Interfaces
  • Setup Utility
  • Management Firmware
  • Node Manager Capabilities
  • Hardware Protection
  • Monitoring
  • Power Capping
  • Node Manager Policies
  • IPMI
  • Sensor Model
  • System Event Log
  • Node Manager API
  • ACPI Power Metering Objects
  • Summary
  • Chapter 6: Operating Systems
  • Operating Systems
  • C-state Control
  • MWAIT
  • HLT
  • C-state Policy
  • Processor Utilization
  • P-state Control
  • Software Controlled Interface
  • Collaborative Interface
  • Firmware Control
  • P-state Policy
  • Performance Capacity
  • P-state Coordination
  • T-state Control
  • Global Power Policy
  • Process Scheduling
  • Topology and Capability Awareness
  • Timer Tick Frequency
  • Execution Consolidation (Core Parking)
  • Energy Efficiency
  • Power Capping
  • Single-Threaded Performance
  • Memory Management
  • Device Drivers
  • PCIe, SATA, and USB
  • Graphics
  • Virtualization
  • Power State Control
  • Idle Considerations
  • Active Considerations
  • Consolidation
  • VM Migration
  • Comparison of Operating Environments.
  • Microsoft Windows Server (including Hyper-V)
  • Linux Distributions (including KVM)
  • VMWare ESX and ESXi
  • Summary
  • Chapter 7: Monitoring
  • Hardware Monitoring
  • Fixed Counters
  • Core Performance Monitors
  • Uncore Performance Monitors
  • Global Freeze/Unfreeze
  • Edge Detection and Average Time in State
  • Standard Events and Occupancy Events
  • Status Snapshots
  • Counter Access and Counter Constraints
  • Events and Metrics
  • Time (RDTSC)
  • Basic Performance
  • Energy Use
  • Temperature
  • Frequency and Voltage
  • C-States
  • Memory Power and Performance
  • PCIe Power Management
  • QPI Power Management and Performance
  • Management Controller Monitoring
  • Component Power Sensors
  • Synthetic Sensors
  • Sensors and Events
  • Software Monitoring
  • Utilization and Processor Time
  • Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT)
  • Virtualization
  • Processor Power State Requests
  • Scheduler, Processes, and Threads
  • Interrupts
  • Memory
  • I/O
  • Tools
  • Health Checks
  • Turbostat (Linux)
  • PowerTOP (Linux)
  • Powercfg (Windows)
  • Hardware Monitoring Tools
  • Intel Performance Counter Monitor (PCM)
  • Linux Perf
  • IPMItool
  • Operating System Monitoring Tools
  • SAR
  • Perfmon and Logman
  • Summary
  • Chapter 8: Characterization and Optimization
  • Workloads
  • Identifying Suitable Workloads
  • Workload Types
  • Testing Tools
  • Energy Efficiency Workloads
  • SPECpower
  • The Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT)
  • Industry Workloads
  • Idle Workloads
  • System Characterization
  • Steady State vs. Non-Steady State
  • Data Collection
  • Collection Duration
  • Collection Frequency
  • Event Ordering and Event Groups
  • Multiple Tools
  • Methodology
  • Analysis
  • Power Metrics
  • Performance Metrics
  • Optimization
  • CPU Power Management
  • P-States and Turbo
  • Frequency Control in Windows
  • Frequency Control in Linux
  • Turbo Ratio Limit.
  • Uncore Frequency Scaling
  • Core C-States
  • Runtime Core Disable
  • Package C-States
  • Energy Performance Bias
  • Hyperthreading
  • Prefetchers
  • PCIe
  • QPI
  • Memory
  • CKE
  • Self-Refresh
  • Patrol Scrub
  • NIC
  • Storage
  • Thermal Management
  • Optimization at a Glance
  • Summary
  • Chapter 9: Data Center Management
  • Data Center Management and Power Distribution
  • Data Center Facilities
  • Power Infrastructure
  • Power Distribution Efficiency
  • Power Conditioning
  • Back-up Systems
  • Cooling Infrastructure
  • Simplified Total Cost Models of Cost and Compute Infrastructure
  • Performance per Watt per Dollar
  • Summary
  • Appendix A: Technology and Terms
  • Index.

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