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New Methods for Measuring and Analyzing Segregation.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Fossett, Mark.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2017.
Edition:1st ed.
Series:The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis Series
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Abstract
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables
  • Chapter 1: Introduction and Goals
  • References
  • Chapter 2: Alternative Formulas for Selected Indices
  • References
  • Chapter 3: Overview of the "Difference of Means" Framework
  • 3.1 Index Formulas: The Current State of Affairs
  • 3.2 The Difference of Means Formulation - The General Approach
  • 3.3 Additional Preliminary Remarks on Implementation
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Difference of Means Formulations for Selected Indices
  • 4.1 Scoring Residential Outcomes (y) for the Delta or Dissimilarity Index (D)
  • 4.2 Scoring Residential Outcomes (y) for the Gini Index (G)
  • 4.3 The Delta or Dissimilarity Index (D) as a Crude Version of G
  • 4.4 Scoring Residential Outcomes (y) for the Separation Index (S)
  • 4.5 A Side Comment on the Separation Index (S) and Uneven Distribution
  • 4.6 Scoring Residential Outcomes (y) for the Theil Index (H)
  • 4.7 Scoring Residential Outcomes (y) for the Hutchens Square Root Index (R)
  • References
  • Chapter 5: Index Differences in Registering Area Group Proportions
  • 5.1 Segregation as Group Differences in Individual Residential Attainments
  • 5.2 Implications for Sensitivity to Separation and Polarization
  • References
  • Chapter 6: Empirical Relationships Among Indices
  • 6.1 When Do Indices Agree? When Can They Disagree?
  • 6.2 Why Does Relative Group Size Matter?
  • References
  • Chapter 7: Distinctions Between Displacement and Separation
  • 7.1 The Increasing Practical Importance of the Distinction Between Displacement and Separation
  • 7.2 Prototypical Segregation and Concentrated Versus Dispersed Displacement
  • 7.2.1 Prototypical Segregation
  • 7.3 Clarifying the Logical Potential for D-S Concordance and Discordance - Analysis of Exchanges.
  • 7.3.1 Overview of D-S Differences in Responding to Integration-Promoting Exchanges
  • 7.3.2 Examples of D-S Differences in Responding to Integration-Promoting Exchanges
  • 7.3.3 Implications of Analysis of Example Exchanges
  • 7.4 Clarifying the Potential for D-S Concordance and Discordance - Analytic Models
  • 7.4.1 Examples of Calculating Values of SMin Given Values of D and P
  • 7.4.2 Examining D, SMax, and SMin over Varying Combinations of D and P
  • 7.4.3 Implications of Findings from Analytic Models for SMax and SMin
  • 7.5 Is Separation a Distinct Dimension of Segregation?
  • References
  • Chapter 8: Further Comments on Differences Between Displacement and Separation
  • 8.1 Revisiting the Empirical Relationships of Displacement (D) and Separation (S)
  • 8.2 Scenarios for How D and S Discrepancies Can Arise
  • 8.3 A Practical Issue When Comparing D and S - Size of Spatial Units
  • 8.3.1 A Case Study of White-Black Segregation Cullman County Alabama
  • 8.3.2 A Case Study of White-Minority Segregation in Palacios TX
  • 8.3.3 Reiterating the Importance of Using "Right-Sized" Spatial Units
  • 8.3.4 More Practical Guidance for Using S
  • 8.4 A Simple Index of Polarization
  • References
  • Chapter 9: Unifying Micro-level and Macro-level Analyses of Segregation
  • 9.1 New Ways to Work with Detailed Summary File Tabulations
  • 9.2 Some Preliminaries
  • 9.3 Substantive Findings
  • 9.4 Opportunities to Perform Standardization and Components Analysis
  • 9.5 Comparison with Previous Approaches to "Taking Account" of Non-racial Social Characteristics
  • 9.6 Aggregate-Level Controls for Micro-level Determinants of Residential Outcomes
  • 9.7 New Interpretations of Index Scores Based on Bivariate Regression Analysis
  • 9.8 Multivariate Segregation Attainment Analysis (SAA).
  • 9.9 Unifying Aggregate Segregation Studies and Studies of Individual-Level Residential Attainment
  • 9.10 New Possibilities for Investigating Segregation Using Restricted Data
  • 9.11 An Example Analysis Using Restricted Microdata
  • References
  • Chapter 10: New Options for Investigating Macro-level Variation in Segregation
  • 10.1 New Specifications for Conducting Comparative and/or Trend Analyses of Segregation
  • References
  • Chapter 11: Aspatial and Spatial Applications of Indices of Uneven Distribution
  • References
  • Chapter 12: Relevance of Individual-Level Residential Outcomes for Describing Segregation
  • 12.1 An Example Analysis of Segregation and Exposure to Neighborhood Poverty
  • Chapter 13: Relevance of Individual-Level Residential Outcomes for Segregation Theory
  • References
  • Chapter 14: Index Bias and Current Practices
  • 14.1 Overview of the Issue of Index Bias
  • 14.1.1 Effective Neighborhood Size (ENS): A Further Complication
  • 14.1.2 The Practical Relevance of Variation in Effective Neighborhood Size
  • 14.1.3 Random Distribution Is a Valid, Useful, and Conceptually Desirable Reference Point
  • 14.2 Prevailing Practices for Avoiding Complications Associated with Index Bias
  • 14.2.1 Unwelcome Consequences of Prevailing Practices
  • 14.2.2 Efficacy of Prevailing Practices: Screening Cases on Minority Population Size
  • 14.2.3 Efficacy of Prevailing Practices: Weighting Cases by Minority Population Size
  • 14.2.4 An Aside on Weighting Cases by Minority Population Size
  • 14.2.5 Summing Up Comments on Prevailing Practices
  • 14.3 Limitations of Previous Approaches for Dealing Directly with Index Bias
  • 14.4 Summary
  • References
  • Chapter 15: New Options for Understanding and Dealing with Index Bias
  • 15.1 The Source of the Initial Insight
  • 15.2 Building on the Initial Insight.
  • 15.3 A More Detailed Exposition of Bias in the Separation Index
  • 15.4 Situating This Result and Its Implications in the Difference of Means Framework
  • 15.4.1 Expected Distributions of pʹ and yʹ Under Random Assignment
  • 15.5 Reviewing a Simple Example in Detail
  • 15.5.1 Additional Reflections on Results Presented in Tables 15.1 and 15.2
  • 15.6 Summary
  • References
  • Chapter 16: Comparing Behavior of Unbiased and Standard Versions of Popular Indices
  • 16.1 Documenting the Attractive Behavior of Unbiased Versions of Indices of Uneven Distribution
  • 16.1.1 Summary of Behavior of Unbiased Indices
  • 16.2 Documenting Additional Desirable Behavior of Unbiased Indices Based on the Difference of Means Formulation
  • 16.3 Conceptual and Practical Issues and Potential Impact on Research
  • References
  • Chapter 17: Final Comments
  • References
  • Appendices
  • Appendix A: Summary of Notation and Conventions
  • Pairwise Calculations
  • Reference and Comparison Groups (Groups 1 and 2)
  • City-Wide Terms for Pairwise Calculations
  • Area-Specific Terms for Pairwise Calculations
  • Terms for Individuals or Households
  • Selected Terms and Conventions Relevant for the Gini Index (G)
  • Selected Terms and Conventions Relevant for the Theil Entropy Index (H)
  • Selected Terms and Conventions Relevant for the Atkinson Index (A)
  • Appendix B: Formulating Indices of Uneven Distribution as Overall Averages of Individual-Level Residential Outcomes
  • Focusing Attention on Individual-Level Residential Outcomes
  • Options for Spatial Versions of Indices of Uneven Distribution
  • Summary of Difference of Means Formulations
  • Appendix C: Establishing the Scaling Functions y=f(p) Needed to Cast the Gini Index (G) and the Dissimilarity Index (D) as Differences of Group Means on Scaled Pairwise Contact
  • The General Task.
  • Introducing the Function y= f( p) for the Gini Index (G)
  • G Is a Measure of Rank Order Inequality on Contact
  • Calculating G as a Difference of Means
  • Deriving G as a Difference of Means
  • Specifying Some Useful Terms and Relationships
  • A Brief Demonstration
  • Getting on with the Derivation
  • Establishing Expressions (C.6, C.6a) and (C.8, C.8a)
  • Establishing Expressions (C.7, C.7a) and (C.9, C.9a)
  • Some Implications of Expressions (C.6) and (C.7)
  • The Role of P and Q in Scaling Terms when Groups Differ in Relative Size
  • The Special Circumstance When P=Q
  • Summary Comments on Formulating G as a Difference of Means (YW - YB) on Relative Rank
  • The Dissimilarity Index (D) - A Special Case of the Gini Index (G)
  • D Is G Calculated from a Special Three-Point Segregation Curve
  • D Is a Simple Difference of Group Proportions Residing in Areas Where p≥P
  • The Dissimilarity or Delta Index (D) - Alternative Functions for Scaling Contact
  • Alternative Graphical Explorations of Relative Rank Position
  • The Nature of the Y-P Relationship for G
  • Appendix D: Establishing the Scaling Function y=f(p) Needed to Cast the Separation Index (S) as a Difference of Group Means on Scaled Pairwise Contact
  • Variance Analysis
  • Formulation as a Difference of Means
  • Appendix E: Establishing the Scaling Function Needed y=f(p) to Cast the Theil Entropy Index (H) as a Difference of Group Means on Scaled Pairwise Contact
  • Adjusting the Range to 0-1
  • A Loose End When p=P
  • Appendix F: Establishing the Scaling Function y=f(p) Needed to Cast the Hutchens' Square Root Index (R) as a Difference of Group Means on Scaled Pairwise Contact
  • Adjusting the Range to 0-1
  • A Loose End When p=P
  • An Observation
  • References.

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