Cover Image

Cyber-Physical Systems : a Model-Based Approach.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Taha, Walid M.
Other Authors: Taha, Abd-Elhamid M., Thunberg, Johan.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2020.
Edition:1st ed.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Part I Core Concepts
  • 1 What is a Cyber-Physical System?
  • 1.1 Our Planet. Our Knowledge. Our Destiny
  • 1.2 Observe. Understand. Innovate
  • 1.2.1 Cyber-Physical Systems and Hybrid Systems
  • 1.2.2 Examples
  • 1.2.3 Computational vs. Physical Systems
  • 1.2.4 Biological and Intelligent Systems
  • 1.3 Developing New Products
  • 1.4 Is the Field of Cyber-Physical Systems New?
  • 1.5 What You Will Learn from This Book, and How
  • 1.6 A Writing Tip
  • 1.7 Chapter Highlights
  • 1.8 Study Problems
  • 1.9 Lab: Warm Up Exercises
  • 1.10 Project
  • 1.11 To Probe Further
  • 2 Modeling Physical Systems
  • 2.1 Reconnecting with the Physical World
  • 2.2 Conservation Laws
  • 2.3 Elements in Mechanical Systems
  • 2.4 Working in 2D and 3D
  • 2.5 Elements in Electrical Systems
  • 2.6 The Absence or Presence of Time in a Model
  • 2.7 Arithmetic Equations, and Linear and Non-linear Systems of Equations
  • 2.8 Where Different Numbers Come from
  • 2.9 Time-Dependent and Differential Equations
  • 2.10 Prototypes of Equations (That Will Recur Throughout the Book)
  • 2.11 Remarks on the Basic Machinery for Solving Differential Equations
  • 2.12 Chapter Highlights
  • 2.13 Study Problems
  • 2.14 Lab: Spring Bouncing and Object Creation
  • 2.15 Project: Mascot and Ping Pong Game
  • 2.16 To Probe Further
  • 3 Hybrid Systems
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Hybrid Automata
  • 3.3 Reset Maps
  • 3.4 Zero-Crossing
  • 3.5 Zeno Behavior
  • 3.6 Modeling Elastic Collision
  • 3.7 Chapter Highlights
  • 3.8 Avoid Common Mistakes
  • 3.9 Study Problems
  • 3.10 Lab: Discrete Bouncing
  • 3.11 Project: Speed-Based Player for Ping Pong Robot
  • 3.12 To Probe Further
  • 4 Control Theory
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Feedback Control
  • 4.3 Proportional Feedback Control
  • 4.4 Operational Amplifiers
  • 4.5 Multi-Dimensional Error and Proportional/Integral/Differential Feedback Control.
  • 4.6 Chapter Highlights
  • 4.7 Study Problems
  • 4.8 Lab: Exploring Control
  • 4.9 Project: Acceleration-Based Player for Ping Pong Robot
  • 4.10 To Probe Further
  • 5 Modeling Computational Systems
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Quantization
  • 5.3 Discretization: How Fast Can Your Circuit Go?
  • 5.4 Detour: Boundedness of Digital Memory
  • 5.5 Detour: From Hardware to Software-Storing Executable Commands in Memory
  • 5.6 The Effect of Quantization and Discretization on Stability
  • 5.7 Abstract Modeling of Computational Effects
  • 5.8 Modeling Quantization
  • 5.9 Modeling Discretization
  • 5.10 Detour: Discretization, Sampling Rates, and Loss of Information
  • 5.11 The Effects of Quantization and Discretization Easily Compound
  • 5.12 Chapter Highlights
  • 5.13 Study Problems
  • 5.14 Lab: Stability Exercises
  • 5.15 Project: Quantization and Discretization
  • 5.16 To Probe Further
  • 6 Coordinate Transformation (Robot Arm)
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Coordinate Transformation
  • 6.3 Chapter Highlights
  • 6.4 Study Problems
  • 6.5 Lab: Coordinate Transformations
  • 6.6 Project: Spherical-Actuation for Ping Pong Robot
  • 6.7 To Probe Further
  • Part II Selected Topics
  • 7 Game Theory
  • 7.1 The Role of Game Theory in CPS Design
  • 7.2 Games, Players, Strategies, Utilities, and Independent Maximization
  • 7.3 Rationality, Independence and Strictly Dominant (or Dominated) Strategies
  • 7.3.1 The Independence Pattern
  • 7.3.2 The Cost of Lacking Communication and Trust Can Be Unbounded
  • 7.4 Coordination, Intelligence, and Nash Equilibrium
  • 7.4.1 The Coordination Pattern
  • 7.4.2 Nash Equilibrium
  • 7.4.3 Determining the Nash Equilibrium
  • 7.4.4 Eliminating Strictly Dominated Strategies Preserves Nash Equilibria
  • 7.5 Competitiveness, Privacy, Mixed Strategies
  • 7.5.1 Mixed Strategy Games.
  • 7.5.2 Selecting a Mixed Strategy (or, Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibria)
  • 7.6 Chapter Highlights
  • 7.7 Study Problems
  • 7.8 To Probe Further
  • 8 Communications
  • 8.1 Communication, Certainty, Uncertainty, and Belief
  • 8.2 Messages: From Information to Representation
  • 8.3 Belief, Knowledge, and Truth
  • 8.3.1 Broader Implications
  • 8.4 Carrier Signal, Medium, and Link
  • 8.5 Link Characteristics
  • 8.5.1 Latency
  • 8.5.2 Bandwidth
  • 8.5.3 Reliability
  • 8.6 Fundamental Limits from Physics
  • 8.7 Limits Due to Component Dynamics
  • 8.7.1 Electrical Signal Transmission
  • 8.7.2 Variability in Component Parameters
  • 8.7.3 Light and Radio Transmission
  • 8.8 Limits Due to Noise
  • 8.9 Limits Due to Energy Dissipation
  • 8.10 Other Sources of Limitations
  • 8.11 Chapter Highlights
  • 8.12 Study Problems
  • 8.13 To Probe Further
  • 9 Sensing and Actuation
  • 9.1 Everyday Input and Output
  • 9.2 Symmetry: LEDs and Photo-Voltaic Cells
  • 9.2.1 Diodes
  • 9.2.2 The Photo-Voltaic Effect
  • 9.2.3 Transistors and Amplifiers
  • 9.3 Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC)
  • 9.4 Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC)
  • 9.5 Sensing Temperature
  • 9.6 Sensing Position
  • 9.7 Actuating Mechanical Systems
  • 9.8 Chapter Highlights
  • 9.9 Study Problems
  • 9.10 To Probe Further
  • A Acumen Reference Manual
  • A.1 Background
  • A.2 The Acumen Environment and Graphical User Interface
  • A.3 Basic Structure of An Acumen Model
  • A.4 Model Parameters and the ``Initially'' and ``Always'' Sections
  • A.5 Model Instantiation
  • A.6 Expressions
  • A.6.1 Variable Names
  • A.6.2 Literals
  • A.6.3 Vector and Vector Generators
  • A.6.4 Matrices
  • A.6.5 Summations
  • A.7 Formulae
  • A.7.1 Continuous Formulae
  • A.7.2 If Formulae
  • A.7.3 Match Formulae
  • A.7.4 Discrete Formulae
  • A.7.5 Foreach Formulae
  • A.7.6 Collections of Formulae.
  • A.8 How a Model Is Simulated: Order of Evaluation
  • A.9 Visualization Using the _3D Panel
  • A.9.1 Colors
  • A.9.2 Transparency
  • A.9.3 Coordinate System
  • A.9.4 Text
  • A.9.5 Box
  • A.9.6 Cylinders
  • A.9.7 Cone
  • A.9.8 Spheres
  • A.9.9 OBJ Mesh Objects
  • A.9.10 Default Values
  • A.9.11 Composites
  • A.9.12 Shapes, Their Parameters, and Their Default Values
  • A.9.13 Animation = Dynamic _3D Values
  • A.9.14 Manual Control of the View of the _3D Scene
  • A.9.15 In-model Control of the View of the _3D Scene
  • A.9.16 Camera View
  • A.10 Built-In Functions
  • A.11 Function Declarations
  • A.12 Operator Precedence
  • A.13 Simulator Settings
  • A.14 Command Line Parameters
  • A.15 Print to Standard Output (stdout) or Console
  • A.16 BNF of Acumen
  • Index.

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