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Bioethics Across the Globe : Rebirthing Bioethics.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Akabayashi, Akira.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Singapore : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2020.
Edition:1st ed.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Acknowledgments
  • Introduction
  • Contents
  • About the Author
  • Chapter 1: A Brief History of Bioethics in Japan
  • 1.1 Phase I: Introduction (1980-1999)
  • 1.1.1 Brain-Death and Organ Transplantation
  • 1.1.2 Informed Consent
  • 1.1.3 Issues with End-of-Life Medical Care and Euthanasia
  • 1.2 Phase II: Development (2000-2010)
  • 1.2.1 On the Moral Status of the Embryo
  • 1.2.2 Systematization of the Enactment Processes for the Life Sciences and Medical Care
  • 1.2.3 Ethics Education in Medicine and in Research
  • 1.3 Phase III: The Recent Past (2011-Present)
  • 1.3.1 Enhancement
  • 1.3.2 Neuroethics
  • 1.3.3 Ethical Issues Surrounding Regenerative Medicine
  • 1.3.4 Public Health Ethics
  • 1.3.5 Precision Medicine
  • 1.4 The Future of Bioethics in Japan
  • 1.5 Before Moving on to the Main Chapters
  • References
  • Chapter 2: Brain-Death and Organ Transplantation: The First Japanese Path
  • 2.1 Enactment of the Organ Transplantation Law (OTL)
  • 2.2 The First Organ Transplant from a Brain-Dead Donor
  • 2.3 Twenty years After the 1997 OTL Enactment
  • 2.4 Is Japan Moving in the Right Direction?
  • 2.5 Living Donor Organ Transplantation
  • References
  • Chapter 3: Informed Consent, Familism, and the Nature of Autonomy
  • 3.1 Nature of Informed Consent
  • 3.2 Prognosis Disclosure: An Unresolved Issue
  • References
  • Chapter 4: End-of-Life Care, Advance Directives, Withholding and Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment, and the Goals of Medicine
  • 4.1 Advance Directives (AD)
  • 4.1.1 AD: A Global Perspective
  • 4.2 Withholding and Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment (Especially Artificial Ventilation)
  • 4.2.1 Legal Perspectives
  • 4.2.2 Cultural Perspectives
  • 4.3 Subtle Changes in the Goals of Medicine
  • Original Article
  • The Goals of Medicine: Time to Take Another Look
  • Introduction.
  • Heightened Interest in Compassionate Use (CU)
  • Dramatic Progress in Medicine Over the Past 20 Years
  • The Old Goals of Medicine Are Changing
  • Views on Life as Seen from CU and RTL
  • References (for Chapter 4)
  • Chapter 5: The Moral Status of the Embryo: The Second Japanese Path
  • 5.1 Neither a "Person" nor a "Thing": The Controversy Concerning the Moral and Legal Status of the Human Embryo in Japan
  • 5.1.1 The Bioethics Committee of the Council for Science and Technology
  • 5.1.2 The Subcommittee on Human Embryo Research
  • 5.1.3 "The Sprout of Human Life"
  • 5.1.4 Consequences
  • 5.2 The Issue of Abortion
  • References
  • Chapter 6: The Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
  • 6.1 Lack of Transparency
  • 6.1.1 Closedmindedness, Impenetrability and Secrecy Are Significant Characteristics of Japanese Society
  • 6.2 The Fukushima Thyroid Screening Study
  • 6.3 Why Less Scientifically Meaningful Data? What About the Victims?
  • 6.3.1 Case
  • 6.4 Animal Ethics and Intergenerational Ethics
  • Original Article
  • Lessons Learned from Fukushima: Thyroid Cancer Screening Preparedness for Radiation Exposure
  • Epidemiological Surveillance
  • Proposed Health System Protocols
  • Health Surveillance and Treatment Protocols
  • Epidemiological Study Protocols
  • References (for Chapter 6)
  • Chapter 7: Outcome Egalitarianism and Opportunity Egalitarianism
  • 7.1 Medical Care and the Social Welfare System
  • 7.1.1 Medical Care
  • 7.1.2 Social Welfare: Public Livelihood Assistance and Pensions
  • 7.2 The Education System
  • 7.3 Taxation, Salaries, a Stimulation Policy, and Equal Burden on Individuals
  • 7.3.1 Income Tax and Salary
  • 7.3.2 Restoration Tax Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident
  • 7.3.3 A Stimulation Policy
  • 7.4 Japanese Socialism
  • References.
  • Chapter 8: Research Regulations, Ethics Committees, and Confronting Global Standards
  • 8.1 Governmental Guidelines or Legislation?
  • 8.2 Ethics Committees in Japan
  • 8.2.1 Number and Status of Ethics Committees
  • 8.2.2 Ethics Committee Members and Their Roles
  • 8.3 Enforcement of the Clinical Research Act
  • 8.4 Scientific Misconduct in Research: Cultural Perspectives on Criteria for Authorship
  • 8.5 Conflict of Interest in a Society Supported by Fiduciary Relationships
  • 8.6 An Addendum: Hospital Ethics Committee and Clinical Ethics Consultation
  • 8.6.1 Clinical Ethics Consultation
  • 8.6.2 University of Tokyo Model: Patient Relations and Clinical Ethics Center (PRCEC)
  • References
  • Chapter 9: Modern Medical Professionalism
  • 9.1 The Diversity of Medical Professionalism
  • 9.2 Difficulties in Teaching Medical Professionalism to Young Students and Residents
  • 9.3 Emerging Issues in Medical Professionalism
  • 9.4 On the Happiness of Medical Caregivers
  • References
  • Chapter 10: What Does It Means to be Truly "Interdisciplinary"?
  • Original Article
  • Do Professional Athletes Have the Right to Dispute a Referee's Judgment? An Ethical Analysis of Sumo Wrestling in Japan
  • Introduction
  • The Yokozuna Hakuho Case
  • Discussion
  • Does an Athlete in Modern Sports Have the Right to Dispute a Referee's Decision? If So, from What Standpoint Is That Right Justified?
  • Is Oh-sumo as Practiced in Japan Really a Modern Sport?
  • Should Oh-sumo Join Modern Sports? Professional Sumo and Cultural Imperialism
  • Can Yokozuna Hakuho's Behavior be Justified Ethically?
  • Conclusion
  • Chapter 11: Rebirthing Bioethics: Going Global
  • 11.1 The UNESCO International Bioethics Committee
  • 11.2 International Health (Global Health)
  • 11.3 Van Rensselaer Potter, Inventor of Bioethics, his Acceptable Survival, and Anthropocentrism.
  • 11.4 Universalism Versus Relativism
  • 11.5 Bioethics Across the Globe (BAG)
  • 11.6 What Can Japan Contribute to BAG?
  • References
  • Epilogue
  • Appendix
  • Introduction
  • Case I: A Japanese Patient in the Late 1980s
  • The Custom of First Notifying the Patient's Family of a Diagnosis With Poor Prognosis
  • "Something Close to Autonomy" and Its Implications
  • Case 2: An American Patient in the 1990s
  • Defining the Family-Facilitated Approach and Its Premises
  • Self-construction and the Binary Approach
  • The Relationship to Autonomy in Case 2
  • Case 3: Mr. K, a Japanese Patient in 2010
  • Case Presentation: Mr. K
  • A New Type of Informed Consent in Contemporary Japan
  • The Use of Proxy Decision-Making in Case 3
  • In What Sense Is the Family-Facilitated Approach Consistent or Inconsistent With Patient Autonomy?
  • Is the Family-Facilitated Approach Compatible With the Conventional View of Autonomy?
  • A Comparison of Four Models for Informed Consent With Regard to Patient Autonomy
  • What Sort of Autonomy Is Compatible With the Family-Facilitated Approach?
  • Relational Autonomy and the Family-Facilitated Approach
  • Patient's Consent, Family's Role, and Relational Autonomy
  • Oppression and the Feminist Interpretation of Autonomy
  • Expressed Consent or Tacit Consent: Do They Truly Differ?
  • Informed Consent Revised: A Global Perspective.

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