Ionospheric Multi-Spacecraft Analysis Tools : Approaches for Deriving Ionospheric Parameters.
| Main Author: | |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cham :
Springer International Publishing AG,
2019.
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| Edition: | 1st ed. |
| Series: | ISSI Scientific Report Series
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Dedication
- Preface
- Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Introduction to Spherical Elementary Current Systems
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Short Review of Ionospheric Electrodynamics
- 2.3 Elementary Current Systems
- 2.4 Current and Magnetic Field
- 2.5 Coordinate Transformations
- 2.6 Vector Field Analysis with SECS
- 2.7 Analysis of Ground Magnetic Measurements
- 2.7.1 Separation into Internal and External Parts
- 2.8 Analysis of Satellite Magnetic Measurements
- 2.9 1D SECS
- 2.10 Some Practical Considerations
- 2.10.1 Grid and Boundary Effects
- 2.10.2 Singularities
- 2.10.3 Inversion Regularization
- 2.10.4 Tilted Field Lines
- 2.10.5 Equivalent Current as a Proxy for FAC
- 2.11 How SECS Have Been Used
- References
- 3 Spherical Elementary Current Systems Applied to Swarm Data
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 The Swarm/SECS Analysis Method
- 3.2.1 Current from Magnetic Field Analysis
- 3.2.2 Fitting the Electric Field with CF SECS
- 3.2.3 Conductances from Ohm's Law
- 3.3 Tests with Synthetic Data
- 3.4 Examples of Event Studies
- 3.5 Statistical Studies
- 3.5.1 Swarm-MIRACLE Comparisons
- 3.5.2 Global Current Systems with the Swarm/SECS Method
- 3.6 Conclusions, Discussion, and Future
- References
- 4 Local Least Squares Analysis of Auroral Currents
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Methodology of Multi-spacecraft Array Techniques
- 4.2.1 General Linear Least Squares
- 4.2.2 Local LS Estimators of Spatial Gradients
- 4.2.3 Local LS Estimators of Electric Currents
- 4.2.4 Related Local Estimators of Gradients and Currents
- 4.2.5 Errors and Limitations
- 4.3 Multi-spacecraft Array Techniques in Practice
- 4.3.1 Implementation of Planar Multi-point Array Estimators
- 4.3.2 Application to Swarm Auroral Crossings
- 4.4 Single-Spacecraft Multi-scale Analysis
- 4.4.1 MVA Applied to Auroral Current Sheets.
- 4.4.2 Multi-scale Field-Aligned Current Analyzer
- 4.4.3 Application of MS-MVA to Swarm Auroral Crossings
- 4.5 Summary
- References
- 5 Multi-spacecraft Current Estimates at Swarm
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Basic Application of the Curlometer
- 5.2.1 Four-Spacecraft Technique: Quality Factor and Limitations
- 5.2.2 Cluster Lessons: Implementation, Scale Size and Stationarity
- 5.2.3 Key Regions Covered by Related Methodology
- 5.3 Use of Cluster and THEMIS for in Situ Ring Current Surveys
- 5.3.1 Application of Cluster Crossings to Survey the Ring Current
- 5.3.2 Use of the Magnetic Rotation Analysis (MRA) Method for Field Curvature Analysis
- 5.3.3 Use of THEMIS Three-Spacecraft Configurations to Sample the Ring Current
- 5.3.4 Future Use of MMS and Swarm: Small Separations
- 5.4 Multi-spacecraft Analysis for Swarm: FACs
- 5.4.1 Method: Application of the Curlometer to Stationary Signals
- 5.4.2 Use of Special Configurations: 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-Point Analysis
- 5.4.3 Use of the Extended 'Curlometer' with Swarm Close Configurations: 3-D Current Density
- 5.4.4 Current Sheet Orientation Implied by 2-Spacecraft Correlations
- 5.5 Swarm-Cluster Coordination: FAC Scaling and Coherence
- 5.5.1 Conjunction Characteristics
- 5.5.2 Analysis of Common FAC Signatures
- 5.5.3 Other Events
- 5.6 Conclusions
- References
- 6 Applying the Dual-Spacecraft Approach to the Swarm Constellation for Deriving Radial Current Density
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Current Estimates from Satellites
- 6.2.1 Single-Satellite Field-Aligned Current Estimate
- 6.2.2 Multi-satellite Current Estimates
- 6.3 The Swarm Dual-SC Current Estimate Approach
- 6.4 Examples of Swarm FAC Estimates
- 6.5 Assessing the Uncertainties of FAC Estimates
- 6.6 Summary and Conclusions
- References
- 7 Science Data Products for AMPERE
- 7.1 Introduction.
- 7.2 Magnetic Fields and Currents on Spherical Surfaces
- 7.3 Spherical Harmonic Basis Functions
- 7.4 Basis Functions and Data Fitting
- 7.5 Practical Considerations
- 7.6 Estimating Uncertainties
- 7.7 Spherical Elementary Currents and Iridium Data
- 7.8 AMPERE and Other Data Sets
- 7.9 Conclusion
- References
- 8 ESA Field-Aligned Currents-Methodology Inter-comparison Exercise
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 The FAC-MICE Test Dataset
- 8.3 The Active Participants to FAC-MICE
- 8.4 FAC-MICE Comparison Results
- 8.4.1 Comparison for the 'High Correlation' Events
- 8.4.2 Comparison for the 'Low Correlation' Events
- 8.5 FAC-MICE Comparison Summary
- 8.6 FAC-MICE Round Table Discussion and Way Forward
- References
- 9 Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis Techniques for Mapping High-Latitude Ionospheric Plasma Flow-Application to the Swarm Satellite Mission
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Theory
- 9.2.1 Spherical Cap Geometry
- 9.2.2 Mapping Electrostatic Potential and Ion Flow by Series Expansion
- 9.2.3 Associated Legendre Functions
- 9.2.4 Boundary Conditions and Basis Functions
- 9.2.5 Non-integer Degree
- 9.3 Practical Example of Mapping Ionospheric Plasma Flow Using SHA and SCHA Approaches
- 9.4 Application of SCHA for Mapping Ionospheric Plasma Flow Based on Swarm Satellite Ion Drift Measurements
- 9.5 Summary
- References
- 10 Recent Progress on Inverse and Data Assimilation Procedure for High-Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Method Overview
- 10.2.1 Representation of Electrodynamic State Variables Using Scalar and Vector Polar-Cap Spherical Harmonic Basis Functions
- 10.2.2 Bayesian State Estimation for Gaussian Processes
- 10.2.3 Nonstationary Covariance Modeling
- 10.3 Analysis of Electrostatic Potential and Electric Fields.
- 10.4 Analysis of Toroidal Magnetic Potential and Field-Aligned Currents
- 10.5 Dual Optimization Approach
- 10.6 Summary
- References
- 11 Estimating Currents and Electric Fields at Low Latitudes from Satellite Magnetic Measurements
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Satellite Data Preprocessing
- 11.3 Removing the Sq Field
- 11.4 Estimating EEJ Flow with Line Currents
- 11.5 Estimating Low-Latitude Electric Fields
- 11.5.1 Ionospheric Electrostatic Modeling
- 11.5.2 Estimating the Electric Field
- 11.6 Conclusion
- References
- 12 Models of the Main Geomagnetic Field Based on Multi-satellite Magnetic Data and Gradients-Techniques and Latest Results from the Swarm Mission
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Fundamentals of Main Field Modelling
- 12.2.1 Calibration of Vector Magnetic Field Measurements
- 12.2.2 Selection of Magnetic Field Data for Main Field Modelling
- 12.2.3 Potential Field Modelling
- 12.2.4 Representation of the Field Due to Internal Sources
- 12.2.5 Representation of the Field Due to External Sources
- 12.2.6 Using Data in the Magnetometer Frame: Co-estimation of Magnetometer Attitude
- 12.2.7 Model Estimation: Solution of the Inverse Problem
- 12.3 Use of Field Gradients and Multi-satellite Data in Main Field Modelling
- 12.3.1 Estimates of Field Gradients: Approximation by Along-Track and Across Track Differences
- 12.3.2 Information Content of Field Gradient Estimates
- 12.3.3 Examples of Field Gradient Data and Their Interpretation
- 12.3.4 Simultaneous Inversion of Data from Multiple Satellites
- 12.4 The Internal Field as Seen by the Swarm Multi-satellite Mission
- 12.4.1 The Core Field
- 12.4.2 The Lithospheric Field
- 12.5 Limitations of Present Main Field Models
- 12.6 Concluding Remarks
- References
- Index.