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Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries : The Legacy of Central Planning in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Hess, Daniel Baldwin.
Other Authors: Tammaru, Tiit.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2019.
Edition:1st ed.
Series:The Urban Book Series
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Editors and Contributors
  • Introduction
  • 1 Modernist Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries: Formation, Current Challenges and Future Prospects
  • Abstract
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Context and Vision
  • 2 A Turbulent Political History and the Legacy of State Socialism in the Baltic Countries
  • Abstract
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 The Long Road to Nation-Statehood, Loss and Restoration of Independence
  • 2.3 Socio-Economic Development
  • 2.4 Demographic Development, Urbanisation and Ethnic Composition
  • 2.5 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 3 The Rise and Demise of the Soviet-Made Housing Shortage in the Baltic Countries
  • Abstract
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Nationalisation and Market Suppression
  • 3.3 An Underurbanisation Crisis
  • 3.4 Housing Construction
  • 3.5 Housing Tenure
  • 3.6 Housing Allocation
  • 3.7 Housing Construction in Soviet Daugavpils
  • 3.8 Housing Allocation in Soviet Daugavpils
  • 3.9 Conclusion
  • References
  • 4 The Exceptional Design of Large Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries
  • Abstract
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 A New Type of Apartment Building and a New Type of Soviet Neighbourhood
  • 4.3 Prefabricated Mass Housing and Microrayons Are Introduced to the Baltic Republics
  • 4.4 Experimental Design: The Growth of Local Expertise and the Role of Architects
  • 4.5 Nordic Influence
  • 4.6 Recipients of Architectural Excellence Awards: Žirmūnai, Lazdynai and Väike-Õismäe
  • 4.6.1 Žirmūnai
  • 4.6.2 Lazdynai
  • 4.6.3 Väike-Õismäe
  • 4.7 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 5 Baltic Crossings: Soviet Housing Estates and Dreams of Forest-Suburbs
  • Abstract
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Addressing Persistent Housing Demand
  • 5.3 From Mikrorayons to Grand Ensembles to Paper Architecture
  • 5.4 Crossing the Baltic Sea.
  • 5.5 Variations in Standardisation
  • 5.6 Finnish Influences on Estonian Multifamily Housing
  • 5.7 Discussion and Conclusion
  • References
  • 6 Mass Housing and Extensive Urbanism in the Baltic Countries and Central/Eastern Europe: A Comparative Overview
  • Abstract
  • 6.1 Mass Housing in the Baltics and the USSR: A Contextual Overview
  • 6.2 The Satellite States: From Dissidence to Decomposition
  • 6.3 Housing Architecture in the Satellite States
  • 6.4 Divergences from Orthodox Modernism
  • 6.5 Socialist Exceptions: Mass Housing in Romania and Yugoslavia
  • 6.6 The 'Ongoing Revolution': Self-management and Monumentality in Yugoslavia
  • 6.7 Novi Beograd: Planning by 'Blok'
  • 6.8 Conclusion
  • References
  • Housing the Masses: Establishing Socialist-Modernist Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries
  • 7 Architectural Transcendence in Soviet-Era Housing: Evidence from Socialist Residential Districts in Tallinn, Estonia
  • Abstract
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Mikrorayons: Centrepieces of Socialist Urban Form
  • 7.2.1 The Role of Socialist Architects in City Planning
  • 7.3 Research Strategy
  • 7.4 An Ensemble of Mid-Twentieth Century of Housing Estates in Tallinn, Estonia
  • 7.4.1 Mustamäe: A Cautious Test of Socialist Residential Planning Principles
  • 7.4.2 Väike-Õismäe: Aerial Architecture in a 1970s Makrorayon
  • 7.4.3 Lasnamäe: Soviet Megalomania, Built to Only Half Completion
  • 7.5 Challenges and Opportunities in Large Housing Estates in Soviet Estonia
  • 7.5.1 International Knowledge Inspires Architects of Large Housing Estates
  • 7.5.2 Architects in Estonia Maintain a Consistently Strong Role in Town Planning Practice
  • 7.6 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 8 Socialist Ideals and Physical Reality: Large Housing Estates in Riga, Latvia
  • Abstract
  • 8.1 Introduction.
  • 8.2 Social and Economic Context of Housing Development in the USSR
  • 8.3 The Development of Riga
  • 8.4 Physical Organisation of Large Housing Estates
  • 8.5 Eras of Residential Development
  • 8.6 Current Tendencies and Future Challenges
  • 8.7 Conclusion
  • References
  • 9 Living in a Large Housing Estate: Insider Perspectives from Lithuania
  • Abstract
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Data Collection
  • 9.3 Acquiring a New Apartment
  • 9.4 Moving In
  • 9.5 Deficiencies
  • 9.6 Neighbours
  • 9.7 Daily Life
  • 9.8 Comparisons and Evaluation
  • 9.9 Temporal Dimensions
  • 9.10 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Exploring the Socio-Demographic and Ethnic Characteristics of Previous and Current Housing Estate Dwellers
  • 10 Socio-economic and Ethnic Trajectories of Housing Estates in Tallinn, Estonia
  • Abstract
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Methods and Data
  • 10.3 Urban and Housing Policy Conditions for Spatial Change in Housing Estates
  • 10.4 Socio-economic and Ethnic Trajectories of Neighbourhoods
  • 10.5 Discussion and Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 11 Residential Change and Socio-demographic Challenges for Large Housing Estates in Riga, Latvia
  • Abstract
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Setting the Scene: Socio-economic and Spatial Transformation in Riga
  • 11.3 Data and Methods
  • 11.4 Soviet-Era Housing Estates in Riga
  • 11.5 Demographic, Ethnic and Socio-economic Trajectories of Large Housing Estates in Riga
  • 11.6 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 12 Soviet Housing Estates in Vilnius, Lithuania: Socio-ethnic Structure and Future(-Less?) Perspectives
  • Abstract
  • 12.1 Introduction
  • 12.2 Soviet Housing Estates and the Housing Structure of Vilnius
  • 12.3 Brief Overview of Previous Studies
  • 12.4 Data and Methods
  • 12.5 Socio-ethnic Differentiation and Trajectories of Change in Vilnius.
  • 12.5.1 Ethnic Structure
  • 12.5.2 Age Structure
  • 12.5.3 Educational Attainment
  • 12.5.4 Occupational Structure
  • 12.6 Detailed Spatial Level Analysis: Socio-ethnic Composition in 2011
  • 12.6.1 Ethnic Structure
  • 12.6.2 Age Structure
  • 12.6.3 Educational and Occupational Structure
  • 12.7 Individual-Level Analysis: Social Dimensions of Ethnic Differentiation in Soviet-Era Apartments
  • 12.8 Discussion and Conclusion
  • References
  • Complexities of Built Environments in Housing Estates
  • 13 Incomplete Service Networks in Enduring Socialist Housing Estates: Retrospective Evidence from Local Centres in Estonia
  • Abstract
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 Planned Residential Districts in Socialist Cities
  • 13.3 Service Networks Offer Function and Convenience
  • 13.4 Service Networks Fall Short of Promises
  • 13.5 Väike-Õismäe-An Unfinished Macrorayon
  • 13.5.1 The Mikrorayon Takes Shape as a Planning Unit
  • 13.5.2 From Mikrorayon to Makrorayon: Initial Planning Task for Väike-Õismäe
  • 13.5.3 Planned Service Network of the 1968 Detailed Plan
  • 13.5.4 The 1974 Revision of Väike-Õismäe Detailed Plan and the Construction Process
  • 13.5.5 Debates About Socialist Urbanism in the 1970s
  • 13.5.6 An Incomplete Residential Area Wins the Soviet State Architectural Prize
  • 13.5.7 Väike-Õismäe Service Networks After the System Change
  • 13.6 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 14 Collectivist Ideals and Soviet Consumer Spaces: Mikrorayon Commercial Centres in Vilnius, Lithuania and Tallinn, Estonia
  • Abstract
  • 14.1 Introduction
  • 14.2 From Neighbourhood Planning and ABC Towns to Soviet Mikrorayon Centres
  • 14.2.1 Mikrorayon Centres in Vilnius-From Žirmūnai to Šeškinė
  • 14.3 ABC Centres in Mustamäe and Other Housing Estates in Tallinn
  • 14.4 Conclusion: Mikrorayon Centres Function as Soviet Consumer Spaces
  • Acknowledgements
  • References.
  • Literature in Cyrillic Script
  • Archival Materials
  • 15 Between Community and Private Ownership in Centrally Planned Residential Space: Governing Parking in Socialist Housing Estates
  • Abstract
  • 15.1 Introduction
  • 15.2 Centrally Managed Housing Estates: Vehicular Mobility Restriction Plans
  • 15.3 Governing Housing Estates Through FOAs: The Challenges of Parking
  • 15.4 Three Measures of Intervention in Parking in Housing Estates
  • 15.5 Conclusion
  • 15.6 List of Interviews
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Imagining the Future Lives of Housing Estates
  • 16 State-Subsidised Refurbishment of Socialist Apartment Buildings in Estonia
  • Abstract
  • 16.1 Refurbishment Motivators
  • 16.2 Estonian Apartment Building Stock
  • 16.3 Energy Efficiency and the Current Technical State of Estonian Apartment Building Stock
  • 16.4 Refurbishment Grant Schemes in Estonia
  • 16.5 The Economic Impact Involved in Refurbishment Work on Apartment Buildings-National Economic Impact
  • 16.6 The Impact upon Households of Refurbishment Work
  • 16.7 Refurbishment Bottlenecks
  • 16.8 Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 17 Retrofitting Soviet-Era Apartment Buildings with 'Smart City' Features: The H2020 SmartEnCity Project in Tartu, Estonia
  • Abstract
  • 17.1 Introduction
  • 17.2 The Smart City Approach
  • 17.3 Retrofitting the SmartEnCity Housing Estate Districts in Tartu
  • 17.3.1 Overview of the SmartEnCity Project in Tartu
  • 17.3.2 Retrofit Plans for Apartment Buildings
  • 17.3.3 SmartEnCity Stakeholders
  • 17.4 Social Considerations of the SmartEnCity Project
  • 17.5 Discussion and Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Index.

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