Clean Water Using Solar and Wind : Outside the Power Grid.
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London :
IWA Publishing,
2018.
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| Edition: | 1st ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Cover
- Copyright
- Contents
- Acronyms
- Preface and Guide for the Reader
- Acknowledgements
- Part I: Water and Energy - A Human Right
- Chapter 1: Water and energy - for all
- 1.1 Clean Water and Energy for all
- 1.2 Access to Clean Water
- 1.3 Access to Electric Energy
- 1.4 Decoupling Water from Energy with Renewables
- 1.4.1 Renewable energy water footprint
- 1.4.2 Small-scale renewables
- 1.4.3 Providing water using renewables
- 1.4.4 Renewables versus nuclear and fossil energy
- 1.4.5 Electric power cost development
- 1.5 Climate Change Consequences
- 1.6 The Need for Cooperation
- 1.7 Overview of the Book
- 1.8 Further Reading
- Chapter 2: Towards sustainability goals
- 2.1 The UN Sustainable Development Goals
- 2.2 Public Health, Gender Issues and Education
- 2.3 Further Reading
- Chapter 3: The renewable energy revolution
- 3.1 The Global Picture
- 3.2 Off-Grid Developments
- 3.3 Scalability of Renewable Energy
- 3.4 Cost Development of Solar PV and Wind
- 3.5 Solar PV Global Expansion
- 3.6 Wind Power Global Expansion
- 3.7 Geopolitical and Economic Implications
- 3.8 Job Skills to Mount and Operate Small Units
- 3.9 Further Reading
- Part II: Water Technologies
- Chapter 4: Water supply
- 4.1 Pumping
- 4.2 Pumping in Developing Regions
- 4.3 Pumping Characteristics
- 4.4 Pump Efficiency
- 4.5 Components in a Solar PV Pumping System
- 4.5.1 Solar panels
- 4.5.2 Inverters and pump controllers
- 4.6 Further Reading
- Chapter 5: Water treatment
- 5.1 Producing Clean Water
- 5.1.1 Underground water resources
- 5.1.2 Saline water
- 5.1.3 Contaminated water
- 5.1.4 Water treatment technologies
- 5.2 Membrane Separation
- 5.3 Desalination
- 5.3.1 Energy supply for desalination
- 5.3.2 Distillation - thermal methods
- 5.3.3 Reverse osmosis
- 5.3.4 Reverse osmosis membranes.
- 5.3.5 Renewable energy for desalination
- 5.3.6 Operation and maintenance issues
- 5.4 Disinfection
- 5.4.1 Disinfection technology
- 5.4.2 UV light disinfection
- 5.5 Further Reading
- Chapter 6: Solar thermal desalination and solar water heating
- 6.1 Solar Still Distillation for Cleaning Water
- 6.2 Solar Water Heating
- 6.3 Further Reading
- Chapter 7: Used water treatment
- 7.1 Main Sources of Used Water
- 7.2 Treatment of Used Water
- 7.2.1 Septic tanks
- 7.2.2 Activated sludge systems
- 7.2.3 Anaerobic digestion
- 7.2.4 Membrane separation
- 7.2.5 Disinfection
- 7.3 Energy Aspects
- 7.4 Further Reading
- Part III: Renewable Energy Technologies
- Chapter 8: Solar PV
- 8.1 Utilising the Sun
- 8.1.1 Irradiance
- 8.1.2 Global horizontal irradiance
- 8.2 Solar PV Characteristic Parameters
- 8.3 Conversion of Sunlight to Electricity
- 8.3.1 Photovoltaic technologies
- 8.3.2 Efficiency of PV modules
- 8.3.3 Temperature dependence
- 8.3.4 Floating PV systems
- 8.3.5 Technology development
- 8.4 Systems of Solar Cells
- 8.5 Energy Requirements for water operations
- 8.6 Further Reading
- Chapter 9: Wind
- 9.1 Basic Properties of Wind Turbine Power
- 9.2 Wind Power Efficiency
- 9.3 Further Reading
- Chapter 10: Handling Variable Production
- 10.1 Intermittent Production Characteristics
- 10.1.1 Capacity factor
- 10.1.2 Load profile
- 10.1.3 Intermittent desalination
- 10.2 Storage of Energy
- 10.2.1 Storage requirements in low-income versus high-income countries
- 10.2.2 Storage technologies
- 10.3 Battery Storage
- 10.3.1 Lead-acid batteries
- 10.3.2 Lithium batteries
- 10.3.3 Saltwater batteries
- 10.3.4 Flow batteries
- 10.4 Battery Parameters
- 10.4.1 Battery capacity
- 10.4.2 Battery sizing
- 10.4.3 Battery classification
- 10.4.4 Battery charge controller
- 10.5 Hydrogen Energy Storage.
- 10.5.1 Electrolysis of water
- 10.5.2 Fuel cells
- 10.6 Pumped and Cleaned Water as Storage
- 10.7 Diesel Generators as Backup
- 10.8 Cost of Energy Storage
- 10.9 Further Reading
- Chapter 11: Energy Management Systems
- 11.1 The Role of the Energy Management System
- 11.2 The Loads
- Part IV: Applying Renewable Energy to Water Operations
- Chapter 12: Economy
- 12.1 Cost of Renewables
- 12.1.1 Up-front capital cost versus fuel costs
- 12.1.2 Levelised cost of electricity
- 12.1.3 Levelised cost for solar PV
- 12.1.4 Levelised cost for wind energy
- 12.2 Job Opportunities
- 12.2.1 Job creation in the solar industry
- 12.2.2 Job creation in the wind industry
- 12.3 Financing
- 12.3.1 Funding in rural areas
- 12.3.2 Payment models
- 12.4 Further Reading
- Chapter 13: Land use for energy
- Chapter 14: Water operations using renewables - some cases
- 14.1 Developing Countries Versus High-Income Countries
- 14.2 Irrigation and Water Pumping
- 14.3 Desalination
- 14.3.1 Solar PV desalination installations
- 14.3.2 Wind power desalination installations
- 14.4 Further Reading on Desalination and Renewable Energy
- Part V: The Future
- Chapter 15: Outlook to 2030 and further
- 15.1 Predictions for Renewables
- 15.2 Desalination Research and Development
- 15.3 Soft Issues
- 15.3.1 Education and training
- 15.4 Further Reading
- Appendix 1: Glossary
- Appendix 2: Conversion of Units
- A2.1 Power and Energy
- A2.2 Pressure
- A2.3 Heat Content
- A2.4 Volume, Area and Length
- A2.5 Mass
- A2.6 Concentration
- A2.7 Water Use in Energy Production/Generation
- A2.8 Energy Use in Water Operations
- Bibliography
- Index.