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Sepsis Management in Resource-Limited Settings.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Dondorp, Arjen M.
Other Authors: Dünser, Martin W., Schultz, Marcus J.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2019.
Edition:1st ed.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Foreword I
  • Foreword II
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • 1: Current Challenges in the Management of Sepsis in ICUs in Resource-Poor Settings and Suggestions for the Future
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Burden and Causes of Sepsis and Its Management
  • 1.2.1 Disease Burden
  • 1.2.2 Causative Pathogens and Pathogenesis
  • 1.2.3 Poor Availability of Critical Care
  • 1.2.4 Incomplete and Unadjusted Guidelines
  • 1.3 Costs of Care in Sepsis
  • 1.3.1 Expensive but Likely Cost-Effective Critical Care
  • 1.3.2 Costs of Critical Care Among Regions
  • 1.3.3 Benefit of Critical Care Among Regions
  • 1.3.4 Impact of Certain Interventions Among Regions
  • 1.4 Sepsis Research in Resource-Limited Settings
  • 1.4.1 A Yet Largely Untouched Research Agenda
  • 1.4.2 Challenges with Research in Resource-Restricted Settings
  • 1.5 Suggestions for the Future
  • 1.5.1 Better Definition of Sepsis
  • 1.5.2 Better Research Infrastructures and Planning
  • 1.5.3 Obtaining Relevant Evidence and Adapting Guidelines
  • 1.5.4 Opportunities
  • 1.6 Conclusions
  • References
  • 2: Development of the Guidelines: Focus on Availability, Feasibility, Affordability, and Safety of Interventions in Resource-Limited Settings
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Heads and Subheads
  • 2.3 Other Subgroup Members
  • 2.4 Meetings
  • 2.5 Search Process
  • 2.6 Grading of Recommendations
  • 2.7 Reporting
  • References
  • 3: Infrastructure and Organization of Adult Intensive Care Units in Resource-Limited Settings
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Staffing
  • 3.3 Training
  • 3.4 Electricity
  • 3.5 Oxygen
  • 3.6 Hygiene
  • 3.7 Equipment
  • 3.8 Quality
  • 3.9 Conclusions
  • References
  • 4: Recognition of Sepsis in Resource-Limited Settings
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Sepsis Recognition
  • 4.3 Identification of the Underlying Type of Infection.
  • 4.4 Identification of the Causative Microbiological Pathogen
  • 4.5 Recognition of Septic Shock
  • 4.6 Conclusions
  • References
  • 5: Core Elements of General Supportive Care for Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock in Resource-Limited Settings
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Corticosteroids for Patients with Refractory Shock in Resource-Limited ICUs
  • 5.3 Sedation for Patients with Sepsis in Resource-Limited ICUs
  • 5.4 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents for Mechanical Ventilation
  • 5.5 Deep Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis in Resource-Limited ICUs
  • 5.6 Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Patients with Sepsis in Resource-Limited ICUs
  • 5.7 Glucose Control in Patients with Sepsis in Resource-Limited ICUs
  • 5.8 Enteral Feeding in Patients with Sepsis in Resource-Limited ICUs
  • 5.9 Dialysis in Patients with Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Damage in Resource-Limited ICUs
  • 5.10 Fluid Strategies in Patients with Sepsis in Resource-Limited ICUs
  • References
  • 6: Ventilatory Support of Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock in Resource-Limited Settings
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 The Diagnosis of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
  • 6.3 The Semi-recumbent Position
  • 6.4 Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV)
  • 6.5 Spontaneous Breathing Trials
  • 6.6 Low Tidal Volumes
  • 6.7 PEEP
  • 6.8 Low Oxygen Fractions with High PEEP or High Oxygen Fractions with Low PEEP
  • 6.9 Recruitment Maneuvers
  • 6.10 Ventilation Modes
  • References
  • 7: Hemodynamic Assessment and Support in Sepsis and Septic Shock in Resource-Limited Settings
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Simple Bedside Tools to Assess Tissue Perfusion
  • 7.3 The Passive Leg Raise Test and Other Simple Tools to Replace Direct Measurements of Cardiac Output
  • 7.4 Fluid Strategies
  • 7.5 Amounts and Timing of IV Fluids
  • 7.6 Vasopressors and Inotropes
  • 7.7 Conclusions
  • References.
  • 8: Infection Management in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock in Resource-Limited Settings
  • 8.1 Introduction and Definitions
  • 8.2 Factors Guiding the Choice of Empiric Antibiotic Choice in Sepsis and Septic Shock in Resource-Limited Settings
  • 8.2.1 Bacterial Pathogens
  • 8.2.2 Antimicrobial Resistance
  • 8.2.3 Appropriateness of Antibiotic Choices
  • 8.2.4 Costs
  • 8.2.5 Availability, Feasibility, Affordability, and Safety
  • 8.3 Timing of Antibiotic Treatment
  • 8.3.1 Availability, Feasibility, and Affordability
  • 8.4 Importance of Blood Cultures Before Initiation of Empirical Antibiotic Treatment
  • 8.4.1 Availability, Feasibility, and Affordability
  • 8.5 Source Control
  • 8.5.1 Availability, Affordability, and Feasibility
  • 8.6 Use of Combination Antibiotic Therapy in Specific Situations
  • 8.6.1 Availability, Affordability, and Feasibility
  • 8.7 Use of Procalcitonin (PCT), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), or Other Biomarkers for De-escalation of Antibiotics
  • 8.7.1 Availability, Affordability, and Feasibility
  • 8.8 Outstanding Questions for Future Research
  • References
  • 9: Management of Severe Malaria and Severe Dengue in Resource- Limited Settings
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Fluid Management in Severe Malaria
  • 9.3 Timing of Enteral Nasogastric Tube Feeding in Cerebral Malaria
  • 9.4 Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Severe Malaria and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  • 9.5 Fluid Management in Severe Dengue
  • 9.6 Use of Corticosteroids in Severe Dengue
  • 9.7 Preventive Platelet Transfusion in Patients with Severe Dengue
  • 9.8 Conclusions
  • References
  • 10: Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock Management in Resource- Limited Settings
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Identification of Septic Shock in Children
  • 10.3 Intraosseous Access as Initial Vascular Access in Septic Children.
  • 10.4 Bolus Fluids or Blood to Malnourished Children with Signs of Severe Sepsis
  • 10.5 Bolus Fluid Resuscitation with 5% Albumin or Normal Saline, Compared to No Bolus Fluids, in Pediatric Sepsis
  • 10.6 Should Sepsis Management Be Guided by Goal-Directed Protocols of Care for Children in Resource-Limited Settings?
  • 10.7 Is Transfusion Recommended for Children with Anemia and Sepsis Due to Severe Malaria in Resource-Limited Settings?
  • 10.8 Noninvasive Ventilation for Children with Acute Respiratory Distress from Sepsis in Resource-Limited Settings
  • 10.9 Should Low Tidal Volume Ventilation Be Recommended for Children with Acute Lung Injury from Sepsis in Resource-Limited ICUs?
  • References.

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