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Perspectives on Nuclear Medicine for Molecular Diagnosis and Integrated Therapy.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Kuge, Yuji.
Other Authors: Shiga, Tohru., Tamaki, Nagara.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Tokyo : Springer Japan, 2016.
Edition:1st ed.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Part I: Instrument and Data Analysis
  • Chapter 1: Advances in 4D Gated Cardiac PET Imaging for Image Quality Improvement and Cardiac Motion and Contractility Estimat...
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Materials and Methods
  • 1.2.1 Data-Driven Respiratory Motion Detection and Gating Method
  • 1.2.2 4D PET Image Reconstruction Methods with Attenuation, and Respiratory and Cardiac Motion Compensation
  • 1.2.2.1 4D PET Image Reconstruction with Respiratory Motion and Attenuation Compensation
  • 1.2.2.2 4D Image Reconstruction with Cardiac Motion Compensation
  • 1.2.2.3 4D Image Reconstruction with Dual Respiratory and Cardiac Motion Compensation
  • 1.2.3 Evaluation of the 4D PET Image Reconstruction with Respiratory and Attenuation Compensation
  • 1.2.3.1 Evaluation Using Realistic Simulated PET Study with Small Lung Lesions
  • 1.2.3.2 Evaluation Using Data from Clinical Gated Cardiac PET Studies
  • 1.2.4 Evaluation of the 4D PET Image Reconstruction Method with Dual Respiratory and Cardiac Motion Compensation
  • 1.3 Results and Discussion
  • 1.3.1 Improvement of Small Lung Lesion Detection with Respiratory and Attenuation Compensation
  • 1.3.2 Improvement of Gated Cardiac PET Images with Respiratory Motion and Attenuation Compensation
  • 1.3.3 Improvement of Gated Cardiac PET Images with Dual Respiratory and Cardiac Motion Compensation
  • 1.4 Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 2: The Need for Quantitative SPECT in Clinical Brain Examinations
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Requirements for Quantitative Reconstructions in SPECT
  • 2.2.1 Scatter Correction
  • 2.2.2 Septal Penetration in the Collimator
  • 2.2.3 Attenuation Correction
  • 2.2.4 Attenuation Coefficient Map
  • 2.2.5 Implementation of the Collimator Aperture Model
  • 2.2.6 SPECT Reconstruction.
  • 2.2.6.1 OSEM on 2D Domains for the Pre-scatter Corrected Geometric Mean Projection
  • 2.2.6.2 OSEM on 3D Domains for the Pre-scatter Corrected Geometric Mean Projection
  • 2.2.6.3 OSEM on 3D Domains Including the Scatter Correction Process
  • 2.2.7 Calibration to Bq/mL
  • 2.2.8 Dead Time Count Loss
  • 2.3 Phantom Experiments
  • 2.3.1 Uniform Cylindrical Phantom
  • 2.3.2 3D Brain Iida Phantom for CBF Quantitation
  • 2.3.3 Striatum Phantom for Dopamine Transporter Imaging
  • 2.3.4 QSPECT Program Packages
  • 2.4 Adequacy and Impact in Clinical Scans
  • 2.4.1 Dopamine Transporter Function (SBR Quantitation) Using 123I-FP-CIT
  • 2.4.2 Central Benzodiazepine Receptor Imaging Using 123I-IMZ (Neuron Damage/Residual)
  • 2.4.3 Rest- and Acetazolamide-CBF Using 123I-IMP (The Dual-Table Autoradiography Method)
  • 2.5 Quality Control of the SPECT Scanner
  • 2.6 Summary and Future Directions
  • References
  • Chapter 3: PET Imaging Innovation by DOI Detectors
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 The OpenPET: A Future PET for Therapy Imaging
  • 3.3 The Helmet-Chin PET for Super High-Sensitive Brain Imaging
  • 3.4 The Xt́al Cube: 0.8mm Isotropic Resolution, a World Record
  • 3.5 The Add-On PET: A PET Insert to Upgrade Existing MRI to PET/MRI
  • 3.6 Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Semiconductor Detector-Based Scanners for Nuclear Medicine
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Materials and Methods
  • 4.2.1 Development and Performance Evaluation of Prototype CdTe-PET
  • 4.2.1.1 Outline of CdTe-PET and Its Parameter Settings
  • 4.2.1.2 Image Reconstruction Method
  • 4.2.1.3 Physical Performance Measurement
  • 4.2.1.4 Image Quality Evaluation
  • Hoffman Phantom
  • Preclinical Evaluation with Rat Tumor Model
  • Clinical Evaluation
  • 4.2.2 Development and Performance Evaluation of Prototype CdTe-SPECT
  • 4.2.2.1 Outline of CdTe-SPECT
  • 4.2.2.2 Image Reconstruction Method.
  • 4.2.2.3 Performance Evaluation in Phantom Experiment and Clinical Study
  • Dual-Radionuclide Character-Shape Phantom
  • Simultaneous Dual-Radionuclide Human Brain Study
  • 4.3 Results and Discussion
  • 4.3.1 Performance Evaluation of CdTe-PET by Phantom Experiment and Clinical Study
  • 4.3.1.1 Physical Performance of CdTe-PET
  • 4.3.1.2 Image Quality of CdTe-PET
  • Hoffman Phantom
  • Preclinical Evaluation with Rat Tumor Model
  • Clinical Evaluation
  • 4.3.2 Performance Evaluation of CdTe-SPECT by Phantom Experiment and Clinical Study
  • 4.3.2.1 Dual-Radionuclide Character-Shape Phantom
  • 4.3.2.2 Simultaneous Dual-Radionuclide Human Brain Study
  • 4.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 5: Kinetic Analysis for Cardiac PET
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Methods
  • 5.2.1 Study Subjects
  • 5.2.2 Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography 11C-HED PET/CT Imaging
  • 5.2.3 RI Estimation
  • 5.2.4 Compartment Model Analysis
  • 5.2.5 Statistical Analysis
  • 5.3 Results
  • 5.3.1 Subjects ́Background
  • 5.3.2 HED PET Data Normal Volunteers and HF Patients
  • 5.4 Discussion
  • 5.4.1 Study Limitation
  • 5.5 Conclusion
  • References
  • Part II: Biomarker and Molecular Probes
  • Chapter 6: How Far Are We from Dose On Demand of Short-Lived Radiopharmaceuticals?
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 DOD Features
  • 6.3 Early Examples Conducible to DOD
  • 6.4 DOD Proof-of-Principle Examples
  • 6.4.1 Minicyclotron/Minichemistry/MiniQC
  • 6.4.2 Continuous Flow Microfluidics
  • 6.4.3 Peptide Labeling
  • 6.4.4 Solid-Phase Approaches
  • 6.4.5 Droplet Systems
  • 6.5 Challenges and Future of DOD
  • 6.6 Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 7: Advantages of Radiochemistry in Microliter Volumes
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.1.1 Radiosynthesis of Positron Emission Tomography Tracers
  • 7.1.2 Microfluidics for Radiosynthesis
  • 7.1.3 Platforms for Microliter Volume Synthesis.
  • 7.2 Advantages of Radiosynthesis at the Microliter Scale
  • 7.2.1 Miniaturization and Disposability
  • 7.2.2 Reduced Radiolysis
  • 7.2.3 Reagent Minimization
  • 7.2.4 High Specific Activity
  • 7.3 Practical Considerations
  • 7.3.1 Limits of Volume Reduction
  • 7.3.2 Radioisotope Concentration
  • 7.3.3 Synthesis Automation
  • 7.4 Conclusions and Outlook
  • References
  • Chapter 8: Development of a Microreactor for Synthesis of 18F-Labeled Positron Emission Tomography Probe
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Materials and Methods
  • 8.2.1 Villermaux-Dushman Method
  • 8.2.2 18F Labeling of BSA by 18F-SFB
  • 8.2.3 18F Labeling of NITTP by 18F
  • 8.2.4 Solvent Resistance Test
  • 8.3 Results and Discussion
  • 8.3.1 Microreactor with Novel Mixing System
  • 8.3.2 Evaluation of Mixing Performance of Prototype Microreactors
  • 8.3.3 18F Labeling of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) by N-succinimidyl-4-18F Fluorobenzoate (18F-SFB)
  • 8.3.4 18F Labeling of 1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-2-O-tetrahydropyranyl-3-O-toluenesulfonylpropanediol (NITTP) by 18F
  • 8.3.5 Screening of Material for the Split Mixing Microreactor
  • 8.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 9: Preclinical Evaluation of a Thymidine Phosphorylase Imaging Probe, [123I]IIMU, for Translational Research
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Radiosynthesis of [123I]IIMU [2]
  • 9.3 In Vitro Study: Uptake of [125I]IIMU in Cultured A431 and AZ521 Cells [4]
  • 9.4 In Vivo Study: Biodistribution of [125I]IIMU in A431 and AZ521 Tumor-Bearing Nude Mice [4]
  • 9.5 SPECT/CT Imaging Study [2]
  • 9.6 Safety Assessment
  • 9.7 Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 10: Discovery and Evaluation of Biomarkers for Atherosclerosis
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Materials and Methods
  • 10.3 Results and Discussion
  • 10.3.1 Disease Stage-Dependent Differential Proteome in Human Plasma.
  • 10.3.2 Disease Stage-Dependent Differential Proteome in Atherosclerosis Mouse Model
  • 10.3.3 Comparison Between Human and Mouse Plasma Proteome
  • 10.3.4 Limitation
  • 10.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 11: Radioimmunodetection of Atherosclerotic Lesions Focusing on the Accumulation Mechanism of Immunoglobulin G
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Materials and Methods
  • 11.2.1 Materials
  • 11.2.2 Preparation of Radiolabeled IgG
  • 11.2.3 Animal Study
  • 11.2.3.1 Autoradiography (ARG) Study
  • 11.2.4 Histochemical Study
  • 11.3 Results
  • 11.3.1 Probe Preparation
  • 11.3.2 In Vivo Study
  • 11.3.3 Discussion
  • References
  • Part III: Cardiology
  • Chapter 12: Noninvasive PET Flow Reserve Imaging to Direct Optimal Therapies for Myocardial Ischemia
  • 12.1 Introduction
  • 12.2 Myocardial Blood Flow (Perfusion) Imaging
  • 12.3 Fractional Flow Reserve Assessment
  • 12.4 Noninvasive PET (MPR) vs. Invasive Coronary Angiography (FFR)
  • 12.5 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 13: The Clinical Value of Cardiac PET in Heart Failure
  • 13.1 Perfusion
  • 13.1.1 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Microvascular Dysfunction
  • 13.1.2 Transplant Vasculopathy
  • 13.2 Sympathetic Innervation
  • 13.3 Noninvasive Assessment of Myocardial Metabolism
  • 13.3.1 Myocardial Viability
  • 13.3.2 Cardiac Efficiency
  • 13.3.3 Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)
  • 13.3.4 Chemotherapy-Related Heart Failure
  • 13.3.5 Metabolic Therapy
  • 13.4 Molecular Imaging Approaches of Cardiac Remodeling
  • 13.4.1 Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinases
  • 13.4.2 Angiogenesis
  • 13.4.3 Myocardial Inflammation
  • 13.5 Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 14: Emerging Trends and Future Perspective of Novel Cardiac SPECT Technology
  • 14.1 Introduction
  • 14.2 Materials and Methods
  • 14.3 Results and Discussion
  • 14.3.1 Reduction in Injection Dose of Radiopharmaceuticals.
  • 14.3.2 Attempts to Estimate Coronary Flow Reserve Using CZT SPECT.

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