Biodiversity Conservation and Phylogenetic Systematics : Preserving Our Evolutionary Heritage in an Extinction Crisis.
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cham :
Springer International Publishing AG,
2016.
|
| Edition: | 1st ed. |
| Series: | Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation Series
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Contents
- Contributors
- About the Editors
- Phylogenetics and Conservation Biology: Drawing a Path into the Diversity of Life
- Questions
- Methods
- Applications
- References
- Part I: Questions
- The Value of Phylogenetic Diversity
- Introduction
- A Maze of Measures
- One of Many Biodiversities
- Measures We Rule Out
- Surrogates of Biodiversity
- Anthropogenic Variables
- The Main Candidates
- Species Diversity and Species Richness
- Function and Morphology
- Genetic Diversity
- Phylogenetics and Phylogenetic Diversity
- The Roles of Phylogenetic Diversity
- Moral Justifications for a General Measure of Biodiversity?
- Intrinsic Value
- Human Emotional Responses to the Natural World
- Instrumental Value
- Phylogenetic Diversity as a General Measure of Biodiversity
- Conclusion
- References
- The PD Phylogenetic Diversity Framework: Linking Evolutionary History to Feature Diversity for Biodiversity Conservation
- Introduction
- Calculations and Comparisons
- Simple Calculations Based on PD
- Complementarity: A Key PD Attribute
- Calculations Using Phylogenetic Distinctiveness Fail to Integrate Complementarity
- Prospects
- References
- Reconsidering the Loss of Evolutionary History: How Does Non-random Extinction Prune the Tree-of-Life?
- Introduction
- Speciation and Extinction as Two Natural Processes
- Shifting the Balance Towards a Low-Diversity Earth
- Extinction Trends
- Extinction Drivers: Animals Versus Plants
- Extrinsic Versus Intrinsic Factors
- Extinction Drivers in Animals
- Extinction Drivers in Plants
- The Importance of Phylogeny in Conservation
- Why We Need to Evaluate Extinction Risk within a Phylogenetic Framework
- Practical Contribution of Phylogeny to Conservation
- Extinction and the Loss of Evolutionary History.
- Phylogenetic Structure in Extinction Risks
- Quantifying the Loss of Evolutionary History
- Feature Diversity and Evolutionary Models of Character Change
- Conclusion
- References
- Phylogenetics and Conservation in New Zealand: The Long and the Short of It
- Introduction
- Long Branches and Their Biological Meaning
- Birds on Long Branches
- On a Reptilian Limb
- Long Branches and Phylogenetic Diversity
- Phylogenetic Extremities
- Conclusions
- References
- What Is the Meaning of Extreme Phylogenetic Diversity? The Case of Phylogenetic Relict Species
- Introduction
- What Then, Is a Relict Species?
- What a Relict Species Is Not?
- Are Relict Species Evolutionarily Frozen?
- Is There a Geographical or a Climatic Component to the Notion of Relictness?
- Relictness: A Relative Notion and the Need for Formal Analyses
- Relicts and Ecosystem Functioning
- Relict Species and Present Extinction Risks
- Relict Species and Conservation Biology: A Final Appraisal
- References
- Part II: Methods
- Using Phylogenetic Dissimilarities Among Sites for Biodiversity Assessments and Conservation
- Introduction
- How the ED Method Converts PD-Dissimilarities to Estimates of Gains and Losses
- A Simple Graphical Description of ED for the Single Gradient Case
- Properties of the Ferrier et al. formula
- Maximization of Complementary Richness (MCR)
- Discussion
- Hierarchical Clustering
- Persistence Versus Representativeness
- Simulation Methods
- GEO BON
- References
- Phylogenetic Diversity Measures and Their Decomposition: A Framework Based on Hill Numbers
- Introduction
- Classic Measures and Their Phylogenetic Generalizations
- Generalized Entropies
- Phylogenetic Generalized Entropies
- Hill Numbers and Their Phylogenetic Generalizations
- Hill Numbers and the Replication Principle.
- Phylogenetic Hill Numbers and Related Measures
- Replication Principle for Phylogenetic Diversity Measures
- Decomposition of Phylogenetic Diversity Measures
- Normalized Phylogenetic Similarity Measures
- An Example
- Conclusion
- References
- Split Diversity: Measuring and Optimizing Biodiversity Using Phylogenetic Split Networks
- Introduction
- Phylogenetic Split Networks
- The Measure of Split Diversity
- Biodiversity Optimization Problems
- Taxon Selection Problems
- Reserve Selection Problems
- Computational Methods in Conservation Planning
- Greedy Algorithms
- Integer Programming
- IP for Taxon Selection Problems
- IP for Reserve Selection Problems
- Other Algorithms
- Computer Software
- SplitsTree
- PDA: Phylogenetic Diversity Analyzer
- Conclusions and Perspectives
- Appendix
- References
- The Rarefaction of Phylogenetic Diversity: Formulation, Extension and Application
- Introduction
- Formulation
- Extension
- Application
- Standardisation of Sampling
- Phylogenetic Evenness
- Phylogenetic Beta-Diversity
- Phylogenetic Dispersion
- Future Directions
- Conclusion
- References
- Support in Area Prioritization Using Phylogenetic Information
- Conservation Planning
- Indexes Used
- Jack-Knife
- Jack-Knife in Conservation
- Optimal Scenario
- Proposed Protocol
- Number of Replicates
- Empirical Examples
- First Case: The Original Ranking Does Not Mean Support
- Second Case: The Support for the Original Ranking
- References
- Assessing Hotspots of Evolutionary History with Data from Multiple Phylogenies: An Analysis of Endemic Clades from New Caledonia
- Introduction
- Assessing Hotspots of Evolutionary Distinctiveness in New Caledonia
- Material and Methods
- Data and Sampling
- Metric and Corrections for Bias
- Resampling Analysis
- Results.
- The Role of the Number of Phylogenies on Site Scores
- The Influence of Species Richness on Site Scores
- Influence of Individual Phylogenies
- Resampling Multiple Phylogenies: How Stable Are the Results?
- Consideration of Individual Sites
- Discussion
- Methodological Considerations
- Some Considerations About the Sites Prioritized
- Future Perspectives
- References
- Part III: Applications
- Representing Hotspots of Evolutionary History in Systematic Conservation Planning for European Mammals
- Introduction
- Material and Methods
- Case Study Setup
- Results
- Discussion and Conclusions
- References
- Priorities for Conservation of the Evolutionary History of Amphibians in the Cerrado
- Introduction
- Methods
- Study Area
- Data Used and Pre-processing
- Analysis
- Results
- Discussion
- References
- Global Spatial Analyses of Phylogenetic Conservation Priorities for Aquatic Mammals
- Introduction
- Material and Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- References
- Metapopulation Capacity Meets Evolutionary Distinctness: Spatial Fragmentation Complements Phylogenetic Rarity in Prioritization
- Introduction
- Evolutionary Distinctness
- Spatial Analysis
- Metapopulation Capacity
- Island Biogeography
- Methods and Materials
- Global Self-Consistent Hierarchical High-Resolution Shoreline Data
- Digital Distribution Maps of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- Data Analysis
- Results
- Discussion
- Summary
- Island Studies
- Next Steps
- References
- Patterns of Species, Phylogenetic and Mimicry Diversity of Clearwing Butterflies in the Neotropics
- Introduction
- Material and Methods
- The Neotropics
- Study Groups and Phylogenies
- Mimicry Classification
- Species Distribution
- Species, Mimicry and Phylogenetic Diversity
- Results
- Discussion.
- Hotspots of Species Richness and Phylogenetic Diversity in the Neotropics
- Müllerian Mimicry: Patterns of Diversity and Community Vulnerability
- Conclusion
- References
- Conservation of Phylogenetic Diversity in Madagascar's Largest Endemic Plant Family, Sarcolaenaceae
- Introduction
- Madagascar
- Biodiversity Conservation in Madagascar
- Sarcolaenaceae as a Model Group
- Material and Methods
- Phylogenetic Data
- Measures and Analysis
- Results
- Discussion
- Sarcolaenaceae as a Model Group for Conservation in Madagascar
- Measures of Biodiversity and Madagascar's Network of Protected Areas
- Conclusion
- References
- The Future of Phylogenetic Systematics in Conservation Biology: Linking Biodiversity and Society
- In Phase with Modern Systematics and NGS Methods: The Tree First, Then the Species
- Impacts on Biodiversity Conservation
- Phylogenetic Diversity as a Basis for Defining "Planetary Boundaries" for Biodiversity
- References
- Index.