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Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine : Principles and Procedures.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Parkkinen, Veli-Pekka.
Other Authors: Wallmann, Christian., Wilde, Michael., Clarke, Brendan., Illari, Phyllis., Kelly, Michael P., Norell, Charles., Russo, Federica., Shaw, Beth., Williamson, Jon.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2018.
Edition:1st ed.
Series:SpringerBriefs in Philosophy Series
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • References
  • Acknowledgements
  • Contents
  • Abstract
  • Part I Why Consider Mechanisms?
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 What is the Key Evidence?
  • 1.2 The Process of Evaluating Evidence
  • 1.3 Our Approach to Evaluating Evidence
  • References
  • 2 An Introduction to Mechanisms
  • 2.1 Mechanisms at a Glance
  • 2.2 What is a Mechanism?
  • 2.3 Why Consider Evidence of Mechanisms?
  • References
  • 3 How to Consider Evidence of Mechanisms: An Overview
  • 3.1 Questions to Address
  • 3.2 Quality of Evidence and Status of Claim
  • 3.3 Overall Approach
  • References
  • Part II Tools for Working with Mechanisms
  • 4 Tools
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Is Your Policy Really Evidence-Based?
  • 4.3 Mechanisms in Clinical Research Appraisal Tool
  • 4.4 Mechanisms in Basic Science Research Appraisal Tool
  • 4.5 Critical Appraisal Tool for Evidence of Mechanisms
  • 4.6 GRADE-Style Tables for Mechanism Assessment
  • 4.7 Public Health and Social Care Tool
  • References
  • Part III Core Principles
  • 5 Gathering Evidence of Mechanisms
  • 5.1 Identify Specific Mechanism Hypotheses
  • 5.2 Formulate the Review Questions
  • 5.3 Search the Literature
  • 5.4 Refine Results of the Search
  • 5.5 Presenting the Evidence of Mechanisms
  • 5.6 Worked Example on Probiotics and Dental Caries
  • References
  • 6 Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms
  • 6.1 Overview
  • 6.2 Evaluating Mechanistic Studies
  • 6.3 Determining the Status of the General Mechanistic Claim
  • 6.4 Presenting the Quality of Evidence of Mechanisms
  • References
  • 7 Using Evidence of Mechanisms to Evaluate Efficacy and External Validity
  • 7.1 Efficacy
  • 7.2 External Validity
  • 7.3 Presenting the Status of a Causal Claim
  • References
  • Part IV Particular Applications
  • 8 Assessing Exposures
  • 8.1 Comparison to IARC
  • 8.2 Comparison to SYRINA
  • References.
  • 9 Assessing Mechanisms in Public Health
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Public Health and Evidence-Based Medicine in the UK
  • 9.3 Statistical Associations and Correlations in Public Health
  • 9.4 Recurrent Public Health Problems -Non-communicable Disease in the Present
  • 9.5 The Individual Level and the Population Level
  • 9.6 The Biological Level and the Social Level
  • 9.7 Mechanisms of Disease and Mechanisms of Prevention
  • References
  • 10 Particularisation to an Individual
  • References.

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