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A Primer to Causal Reasoning about a Complex World.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Johansson, Lars-Göran.
Other Authors: Banitz, Thomas., Grimm, Volker., Hertz, Tilman., Lindkvist, Emilie., Martínez Peña, Rodrigo., Radosavljevic, Sonja., Ylikoski, Petri., Schlüter, Maja.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer, 2024.
Edition:1st ed.
Series:SpringerBriefs in Philosophy Series
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • 1 Introduction: Causation in Social-Ecological Systems
  • References
  • Part I Semantics of Causal Expressions
  • 2 Causal Talk Permeates Ordinary Language
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Causal Phrases
  • 2.3 Some Remarks on the Semantics of `Cause', `Effect' and Their Cognates
  • 2.3.1 Causal Relations Between Events/States of Affairs
  • 2.3.2 Causal Relations Between Categories
  • 2.3.3 Causal Relations Between Quantitative Variables
  • 2.3.4 Common Causes
  • 2.4 Causal Powers
  • 2.5 Summary
  • References
  • 3 Causal Talk Is Fundamental
  • 3.1 Introduction: The Pervasiveness of Causal Talk
  • 3.2 Attempts to Define `Cause'
  • 3.3 Are Causal Connections Observable?
  • 3.4 Hume's Criteria for the Use of `Cause'
  • 3.5 Summary
  • References
  • 4 Causation, Counterfactual Dependence and Potential Outcomes
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Goodman on Counterfactuals
  • 4.3 Woodward's Account of Causation
  • 4.4 Potential Outcomes Instead of Counterfactuals?
  • 4.5 Summary
  • References
  • Part II Causation in Science
  • 5 Causal Relations and Causal Relata in Science
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Singular Versus General Causation
  • 5.2.1 Causal Relations Between Singular Events/Statesof Affairs
  • 5.2.2 Generalised Causal Relations
  • 5.3 Causation in Qualitative Studies
  • 5.4 Causation and Feedback Loops
  • 5.5 Causation and Probability
  • 5.6 Many Causes: INUS-Conditions
  • 5.7 Summary
  • References
  • 6 Causation, Laws and Regularities
  • 6.1 Laws and Causation
  • 6.2 Laws, Regularities and Ceteris Paribus Clauses
  • 6.2.1 The Form of Laws
  • 6.2.2 Strict and Not-So-Strict Laws
  • 6.3 Correlation, Regression and Causation
  • 6.4 Correlations Between Boolean Variables
  • 6.5 Directed Graphs and Structural Equations
  • 6.5.1 Directed Graphs
  • 6.5.2 Structural Equations
  • 6.5.3 Bayesian Networks
  • 6.6 Non-linear Dynamics.
  • 6.6.1 Predictions and Non-linear Dynamics
  • 6.7 Causation, Manipulation and Intervention
  • 6.8 Summary
  • References
  • 7 Inferences from Statistics to Causation
  • 7.1 Inferences from Correlations and Regressions
  • 7.2 Natural Experiments
  • 7.3 Controlling for Covariates
  • 7.4 Regression Analysis
  • 7.5 Heuristic: Hill's Criteria
  • 7.6 Summary
  • References
  • 8 Causal Explanations
  • 8.1 Explanation-Seeking Questions
  • 8.2 Explanations
  • 8.3 Different Kinds of Explanations
  • 8.3.1 Constitutive Explanations
  • 8.3.2 Teleological Explanations
  • 8.3.3 Functional Explanations
  • 8.3.4 Intentional Explanations
  • 8.4 Causal Explanation and Mechanisms
  • 8.5 Some Special Mechanisms
  • 8.5.1 Confounder Mechanisms
  • 8.5.2 Feedback Mechanisms
  • 8.5.3 Bifurcation Mechanisms
  • 8.6 Summary
  • References
  • Part III Causation in Complex SES
  • 9 Causation in Social-Ecological Systems Research
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Causal Reasoning About Social-Ecological Systems
  • 9.3 Causal Reasoning in a Study
  • 9.4 Causal Configuration
  • 9.5 Interpreting Results
  • 9.6 Making and Justifying Causal Claims
  • 9.7 Diversity of Causal Reasoning
  • 9.7.1 Study 1: Quantifying the Effect of Community-Based Monitoring on Groundwater Management: A Statistical Causal Inference Approach
  • 9.7.2 Study 2: Synchronous Failure: The Emerging Causal Architecture of Global Crisis
  • 9.7.3 Study 3: Exploring the Importance of Social Processes for the Collapse of the Baltic Cod Stocks: A Modelling Approach
  • 9.7.4 Study 4: Explaining Emergent Patterns of Self- Governance Arrangements in Small-Scale Fisheries: A Modelling Approach
  • 9.7.5 Study 5: Addressing the Challenges of Climate Adaptation: A Practice-Based Approach to Transdisciplinary Sustainability Interventions
  • 9.8 Summary of Examples
  • 9.9 Navigating the Diversity of Causal Reasoning
  • 9.10 Summary.
  • References
  • A How Does a Theory Relate to Reality?
  • B Models
  • C Confidence Intervals and Correlations
  • C.1 Confidence Intervals
  • C.2 Confidence Intervals for Correlations
  • Glossary
  • Bibliography
  • Index.

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