Values - Politics - Religion : In-Depth Analysis - Interdisciplinary Perspectives - Future Prospects.
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cham :
Springer International Publishing AG,
2023.
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| Edition: | 1st ed. |
| Series: | Philosophy and Politics - Critical Explorations Series
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Country Codes and Clusters
- Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.1 About This Study
- 1.2 Timeliness and Relevance
- 1.3 The European Values Study
- 1.4 Description of the Volume
- 1.4.1 Concepts
- 1.4.2 Empirical Research Questions
- 1.4.3 Interdisciplinary and Explorative Character
- 1.4.4 Structure
- 1.4.5 Research Process
- 1.4.6 Goals and Target Groups
- 1.5 Summaries
- References
- Part I: Basic Research
- Chapter 2: Values: A Contested Concept. Problem Outline and Interdisciplinary Approaches
- 2.1 Introduction: Objectives and Structure
- 2.2 The Concept of Values in the Context of Our Volume
- 2.3 Thematical Problem Outline
- 2.3.1 The Relevance of Empirical Values Research
- 2.3.2 The Normative Question: Ethical and Unethical Values?
- 2.3.3 The Question of Universal Values
- 2.3.4 European Values
- Genesis
- Content
- Values and Their Political Functions
- Value Conflicts
- The Conceptual Chaos: Problem or Opportunity?
- Summary
- 2.3.5 Values and Religion
- Relationship Between Religion and Values
- Religion as an Identity Marker
- Values as the New Religion?
- 2.4 Values: Interdisciplinary Approaches and Academic Contributions
- 2.4.1 The Genesis of the Concept of Values
- Economic Origins
- The Nineteenth Century
- Twentieth and Twenty-First Century
- 2.4.2 Academic Approaches
- Overview
- Sociological Approaches
- Philosophical and Ethical Approaches
- Values as a 'Formal Indicator' ('Formalanzeige')?
- Theological Approaches and 'Christian Values'
- 2.5 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 3: A Critical History of the Use of 'European Values'
- 3.1 A Critical Approach
- 3.2 The Conservative and Christian Cold War Origins of European Values
- 3.3 From a European Identity to a 'Social Europe' (1970s to Late 1990s).
- 3.4 The Rise of European Values (From the Late 1990s to the Present)
- 3.5 The Return of the Past: A Clash Between European Values and Their Origins
- 3.6 Contesting Values
- References
- Chapter 4: Transformations in the Religious and Moral Landscape in Europe?
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 The Link Between Religion and Morality
- 4.3 Religion as a Source of End-of-Life Morality
- 4.4 Declining Impact and Shifting Moral Sources?
- 4.5 What the Data Reveal
- 4.6 Path Dependency
- 4.6.1 The Nordic Countries
- 4.6.2 Western Europe
- 4.6.3 Southern Europe
- 4.6.4 Eastern Europe (Ex-Communist Countries)
- 4.6.5 Ex-Soviet Union
- 4.7 Conclusion and Discussion
- References
- Part II: In-Depth Analysis
- Chapter 5: Political Values and Religion: A Comparison Between Western and Eastern Europe
- 5.1 Introduction - Political Values and Political Culture as the Nucleus of Stable Democracies
- 5.2 Political Culture and Understanding of Democracy - Theories and Conceptions
- 5.2.1 Understanding of Democracy
- 5.2.2 Theory of Political Culture Research
- 5.2.3 Socialisation of Political and Social Values
- 5.2.4 Hypotheses About the Formation of Democratic Political Values and Attitudes
- 5.3 Spread of Democratic Political Culture in Europe
- 5.3.1 Distrust in Political Elites, and Occasionally a Yearning for Leaders
- 5.3.2 Diverging Values - Diverging Understandings of Democracy?
- 5.3.3 Core Values, Frustration, Legitimacy, and Political Trust?
- 5.3.4 Interim Conclusion - The Return of Different Political Values
- 5.4 … and Religion?
- 5.4.1 Secularisation, Pluralisation, and Religious Revitalisation?
- 5.4.2 Religious and Political Values - Signs of Covariance?
- 5.4.3 Interim Conclusion - More Secularisation, More Religious Pluralisation, More Prejudice?.
- 5.5 Conclusion - Democracy and Regression of Religion in Eastern Europe?
- Appendix
- References
- Chapter 6: Religion, Values and Politics: The Effect of Religiosity on Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Muslims
- 6.1 Purpose, Objectives, and Context
- 6.2 Theoretical Framework
- 6.2.1 The Development of Religion in Europe from the Perspectives of Theories of the Sociology of Religion
- 6.2.2 Religion, Politics, and Values
- 6.3 Effect of Religiosity on Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Muslims
- 6.3.1 The Effect of Religious Self-Assessment and Sociodemographic Variables on the Rejection of Immigrants and Muslims
- 6.3.2 The Effect of Political Self-Positioning on the Rejection of Immigrants and Muslims
- 6.3.3 A Socioreligious Typology (Cluster Analysis)
- 6.3.4 Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Muslims Based on the Socioreligious Typology
- 6.4 Summary
- References
- Chapter 7: Solidarity: A European Value?
- 7.1 Introduction - Is Solidarity in Europe at Risk?
- 7.2 The Concept of Solidarity
- 7.2.1 Socio-structural Foundations for Individual-Level Solidarity
- 7.2.2 Solidarity and Group Identification
- 7.2.3 Forms and Recipients of Solidarity
- 7.2.4 Short- and Long-Term Trajectories in Solidarity Levels
- 7.3 Methodological Approach of the Chapter
- 7.4 Data and Measures
- 7.4.1 Data Availability
- 7.4.2 Measuring Solidarity
- 7.4.3 Sharpening Our Measure of Solidarity
- 7.5 Solidarity and Geographical Identification
- 7.6 Country and Time Comparisons of Solidarity Levels
- 7.7 Exploring the Relation of External Factors to Societal Solidarity Levels
- 7.8 Discussion and Conclusion
- 7.8.1 Limitations of Our Study
- 7.8.2 A Summary and Some Possible Interpretations
- 7.8.3 Conclusion
- Appendix (Figs. 7.4 and 7.5)
- References.
- Chapter 8: The Invisibles: Religious and Political Values Among Different Social Classes
- 8.1 Sociology of Social Classes, the Poor, and Underprivileged
- 8.2 The Values of the Disadvantaged: Assumptions and Methodology
- 8.3 Who Are the 'Precarious'?
- 8.4 Precariousness and Religious Attitudes
- 8.4.1 Global Religiosity According to Social Position
- 8.4.2 Precarious People Believe a Little More in God
- 8.4.3 Precarious People Believe More in a Future Beyond This World
- 8.4.4 Precarious People Are a Little More Often Followers of a Religion and a Little More Assiduous in the Practice of Their Religion
- 8.5 Precariousness and Political Attitudes
- 8.5.1 More Individualistic But Less Individualised Precariousness
- 8.5.2 Low Politicisation Level of Precarious People
- 8.5.3 Strong Political Discontent of the Precarious, Low Political Participation
- 8.5.4 Low Trust in Others and in Institutions
- 8.5.5 Not Very Sensitive to the Left-Right Divide and More Often to the Right
- 8.5.6 Xenophobia and Strong Nationalism Among Vulnerable Populations
- 8.5.7 A Very Relative Attachment to Democratic Values
- 8.5.8 Precarious People Who Are a Little More Social and Less in Favour of Economic Liberalism
- 8.5.9 Intolerance of Deviance: Small Differences by Social Position
- 8.5.10 How Have the Political Values of the Precarious Evolved Over the Last 40 Years?
- 8.6 Summary
- References
- Part III: Interdisciplinary Perspectives
- Chapter 9: Ethical and Theological Approaches to the Value Discourses in Europe
- 9.1 The Rise and Fall of the Concept of Value in Philosophy and Ethics - A Historical Problem Outline
- 9.2 The Political Context of the European Value Discourse
- 9.3 The European Union as an 'Imagined Community'
- 9.4 Historical and Political Contextualisation in European Integration After 1945.
- 9.4.1 Values in the Context of the Far-Reaching Integration Plans 1948-1954
- 9.4.2 The Phase of Economic Integration and the Gradual Recognition of a Value Vacuum
- 9.4.3 Reunified Europe's New Interest in Values
- 9.5 Analysis: European Community of Values
- 9.6 Universal Values? An Outlook
- References
- Chapter 10: Values and Economy: How Companies Deal with Values
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Why Values Are Relevant for Business
- 10.2.1 Thoughts on the Relation of Economy and Society and the Role of Values
- 10.2.2 The Concept of Values in Economics
- 10.2.3 Area of Tension: Shareholder Value Versus Stakeholder Value
- 10.2.4 The Normative Stakeholder View
- 10.2.5 The Relevance of an Ethical Foundation for Company Values
- 10.2.6 Drivers and Influencing Factors for the Value Debate in the Corporate Context
- 10.2.7 Religion as Source for Company Values?
- 10.3 The Challenge of Dealing with Values
- 10.3.1 The Benefits of Values for Corporations
- 10.3.2 Value Functions in Companies
- 10.3.3 Which Corporate Values?
- 10.3.4 Value Management
- 10.3.5 Value Communication
- 10.3.6 A Question of Handling: Categorising Company Values
- 10.3.7 Challenges for Normative Value Management
- 10.3.8 The Categorical Imperative as an Ethical Principle Against Instrumentalisation and as a Justification for Human Rights
- 10.4 Human Rights as Universal Normative Values for the Economy
- 10.4.1 What Are Human Rights?
- 10.4.2 Human Rights as a Catalogue of Values
- 10.4.3 Relevance for the Economy: Why Should Companies Deal with Human Rights?
- 10.4.4 Normative Frameworks Addressing Companies to Respect Human Rights and Their Function
- 10.4.5 Anchoring European Values in the Economic and Trade Policies
- 10.4.6 Current Developments in Europe and Legislative Initiatives
- 10.5 Analysis and Conclusion.
- 10.5.1 Challenges for Companies and Politics.