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Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar : Principles and Application.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Hajnsek, Irena.
Other Authors: Desnos, Yves-Louis.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.
Edition:1st ed.
Series:Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing Series
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • Pioneering Space-Borne SAR Interferometry
  • Organising Airborne Polarimetric SAR Campaigns and Scientific Studies
  • Dialoguing with POLinSAR Scientists and Training the Next Generation
  • Pioneering Space-Borne SAR Polarimetric Interferometry
  • Future Missions
  • From Science to Applications
  • Outlook
  • In Memoriam
  • Contents
  • Symbols
  • 1: Basic Principles of SAR Polarimetry
  • 1.1 Theory of Radar Polarimetry
  • 1.1.1 Wave Polarimetry
  • 1.1.1.1 Electromagnetic Waves and Wave Polarization Descriptors
  • 1.1.1.2 Totally and Partially Polarized Waves
  • 1.1.1.3 Change of Polarization Basis
  • 1.1.2 Scattering Polarimetry
  • 1.1.2.1 The Scattering Matrix
  • 1.1.2.2 Scattering Polarimetry Descriptors
  • 1.1.2.3 Partial Scattering Polarimetry
  • 1.1.2.4 Change of Polarization Basis
  • 1.1.2.5 Scatterers Characterization by Single, Dual, Compact and Full Polarimetry
  • 1.2 SAR Data Statistical Description and Speckle Noise Filtering
  • 1.2.1 One-Dimensional Gaussian Distribution
  • 1.2.2 Multidimensional Gaussian Distribution
  • 1.2.3 The Wishart Distribution
  • 1.2.4 The Polarimetric Covariance and Coherency Matrix
  • 1.2.5 The Polarimetric Coherence
  • 1.2.6 Polarimetric Speckle Noise Filtering
  • 1.2.6.1 PolSAR Speckle Noise Filtering Principles
  • 1.2.6.2 PolSAR Speckle Noise Filtering Alternatives
  • 1.3 Polarimetric Scattering Decomposition Theorems
  • 1.3.1 Coherent Scattering Decomposition Techniques
  • 1.3.1.1 The Pauli Decomposition
  • 1.3.2 Incoherent Scattering Decompositions Techniques
  • 1.3.2.1 Three-Component Freeman Decomposition
  • 1.3.2.2 Four-Component Yamaguchi Decomposition
  • 1.3.2.3 Non-negative Eigenvalue Decomposition
  • 1.3.2.4 Eigenvector-Eigenvalue-Based Decomposition
  • 1.3.2.5 The Touzi Target Scattering Decompositions
  • 1.4 Polarimetric SAR Interferometry.
  • 1.4.1 SAR Interferometry
  • 1.4.2 Algorithms for Optimum Interferogram Generation
  • 1.4.3 Model-Based Polarimetric SAR Interferometry
  • 1.4.3.1 PolInSAR for Bare Surface Scattering
  • 1.4.3.2 PolInSAR for Random Volume Scattering
  • 1.4.3.3 PolInSAR Two-Layer Combined Surface and Random Volume Scattering
  • 1.5 Polarimetric SAR Tomography
  • 1.5.1 TomoSAR and PolTomoSAR as Spectral Estimation Problems: Non-model-Based Adaptive Solutions
  • 1.5.2 Model-Based PolTomoSAR
  • 1.5.3 Coherence Tomography
  • References
  • 2: Forest Applications
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Forest Classification
  • 2.2.1 Land Cover Classification in Tropical Lands Using PolSAR
  • 2.2.1.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 2.2.1.2 Methodology
  • 2.2.1.3 Experimental Results
  • 2.2.1.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 2.2.2 Forest Mapping and Classification Using Polarimetric and Interferometric Data
  • 2.2.2.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 2.2.2.2 Methodology
  • 2.2.2.3 Experimental Results
  • 2.2.2.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 2.2.3 Detection of Fire Scars
  • 2.2.3.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 2.2.3.2 Methodology
  • 2.2.3.3 Experimental Results
  • 2.2.3.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 2.3 Forest Height Estimation
  • 2.3.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 2.3.2 Methodology
  • 2.3.2.1 Random-Volume-Over-Ground Inversion
  • 2.3.2.2 Non-volumetric Decorrelation Contributions
  • 2.3.3 Experimental Results
  • 2.3.4 Comparison with Single/Dual Polarimetric Data
  • 2.3.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions.
  • 2.4 Forest Vertical Structure Estimation Using Multi-baseline Polarimetric SAR Acquisitions
  • 2.4.1 Polarimetric SAR Tomography
  • 2.4.1.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 2.4.1.2 Methodology
  • 2.4.1.3 Experimental Results
  • 2.4.1.4 Comparison with Single/Dual Polarization Data
  • 2.4.1.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 2.4.2 Estimation of Vegetation Structure Parameters
  • 2.4.2.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 2.4.2.2 Methodology
  • 2.4.2.3 Experimental Results
  • 2.4.2.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 2.5 Biomass Estimation
  • 2.5.1 Biomass Estimation: A Review
  • 2.5.1.1 Introduction, Motivation
  • 2.5.1.2 Methodology
  • 2.5.1.2.1 Direct Biomass Estimation
  • 2.5.1.2.2 Model-Based Estimation
  • 2.5.1.2.3 Allometric Biomass Estimation
  • 2.5.1.3 Experimental Results
  • 2.5.1.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 2.5.2 Biomass Estimation from Semi-empirical Relationships
  • 2.5.2.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 2.5.2.2 Methodology
  • 2.5.2.3 Experimental Results
  • 2.5.2.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 2.6 Summary
  • References
  • 3: Agriculture and Wetland Applications
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Crop Type Mapping
  • 3.2.1 Evaluation of C-Band Polarimetric SAR for Crop Classification
  • 3.2.1.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 3.2.1.2 Methodology
  • 3.2.1.3 Experimental Results
  • 3.2.1.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data
  • 3.2.1.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 3.2.2 Crop Classification Using Multitemporal L- and C-Band Airborne Polarimetric SAR.
  • 3.2.2.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 3.2.2.2 Methodology
  • 3.2.2.3 Experimental Results
  • 3.2.2.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data
  • 3.2.2.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 3.3 Soil Moisture Estimation Under Vegetation Using SAR Polarimetry
  • 3.3.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 3.3.2 Methodology
  • 3.3.3 Experimental Results
  • 3.3.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Pol Data
  • 3.3.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusion
  • 3.4 Crop Phenology Estimation Using SAR Polarimetry
  • 3.4.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 3.4.2 Methodology
  • 3.4.3 Experimental Results
  • 3.4.3.1 Analysis
  • 3.4.3.1.1 Cereals
  • 3.4.3.1.2 Canola
  • 3.4.3.1.3 Field Pea
  • 3.4.3.2 Retrieval Algorithms
  • 3.4.3.3 Results and Validation
  • 3.4.3.3.1 Wheat
  • 3.4.3.3.2 Oat
  • 3.4.3.3.3 Barley
  • 3.4.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data
  • 3.4.5 Discussion on Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 3.5 Wetland Observation
  • 3.5.1 C-Band Polarimetric Time Series for Delineating and Monitoring Seasonal Dynamics of Wetlands
  • 3.5.1.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 3.5.1.2 Methodology
  • 3.5.1.3 Experimental Results
  • 3.5.1.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data
  • 3.5.1.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarisation, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 3.5.2 Tropical Wetland Characterisation with Polarimetric SAR
  • 3.5.2.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 3.5.2.2 Methodology
  • 3.5.2.3 Experimental Results
  • 3.5.2.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data
  • 3.5.2.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions.
  • 3.5.3 Subarctic Peatland Characterisation and Monitoring
  • 3.5.3.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 3.5.3.2 Experimental Results
  • 3.5.3.2.1 La Baie des Mines
  • Peatland Hydrology Characteristics for Bog-Fen Discrimination
  • Application of the Touzi Decomposition to Polarimetric ALOS Data: Required Processing Window Size for Unbiased ICTD
  • Analysis of the ALOS Acquisitions
  • Peatland Subsurface Water Flow Monitoring Using Polarimetric May and November ALOS Acquisitions: Multi-polarisation Versus Pol...
  • 3.5.3.2.2 Wapusk National Park
  • 3.5.3.3 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 3.5.3.4 Acknowledgement
  • 3.6 Monitoring Change Detection Produced by Tsunamis and Earthquakes by Using a Fully Polarimetric Model-Based Decomposition
  • 3.6.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review
  • 3.6.2 Methodology
  • 3.6.3 Experimental Results
  • 3.6.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data
  • 3.6.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions
  • 3.7 Summary (Table 3.13)
  • References
  • 4: Cryosphere Applications
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Land Ice Extinction Estimation Using PolInSAR
  • 4.2.1 Introduction, Motivation, and Literature Review
  • 4.2.2 Methodology
  • 4.2.3 Experimental Results
  • 4.2.4 Comparison with Single/Dual Polarisation Data
  • 4.2.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application, and Conclusions
  • 4.3 Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval
  • 4.3.1 Introduction, Motivation, and Literature Review
  • 4.3.2 Methodology
  • 4.3.2.1 Polarimetric Decomposition for Snow-Covered Areas
  • 4.3.2.2 Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Algorithm
  • 4.3.3 Experimental Results
  • 4.3.4 Comparison with Single/Dual Polarisation Data.
  • 4.3.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions.

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