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Counteracting Urban Heat Island Effects in a Global Climate Change Scenario.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Musco, Francesco.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2016.
Edition:1st ed.
Subjects:
Electronic books.
Online Access:Click to View
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Glossary and Abbreviations
  • Contents
  • Editor Bios and Contributors
  • Editor Bios
  • Contributors
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables
  • Planning and Climate Change: Concepts, Approaches, Design
  • Introduction
  • Climate Change and the City: A Complex Relationship
  • From Sustainability to Climate Change: Towards a New Approach
  • Mitigation and Adaptation in the European Agenda
  • Towards Urban Adaptation
  • A New Role for Planning
  • New Concepts
  • Conclusions: Building Urban Adaptation - The Main Role of Planners
  • References
  • Introduction
  • Introduction
  • Part I: The Urban Heat Island: Evidence, Measures and Tools
  • Chapter 1: Forecasting Models for Urban Warming in Climate Change
  • 1.1 General Introduction
  • 1.2 Overview of Models and Tools
  • 1.3 Case Studies
  • 1.3.1 Projections of Climate Trends for Urban Areas in Central Europe Using WRF
  • 1.3.1.1 Introduction
  • 1.3.1.2 Data and Methods
  • 1.3.1.3 Results
  • 1.3.1.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • 1.3.2 Human-Biometeorological Assessment of Changing Conditions in the Region of Stuttgart in the Twenty-First Century
  • 1.3.2.1 Data and Methods
  • 1.3.2.2 Results
  • References
  • 1.3.3 Urban Climate Modelling with SURFEX/TEB at the Hungarian Meteorological Service
  • 1.3.3.1 Introduction
  • 1.3.3.2 Methodology
  • 1.3.3.3 Results
  • 1.3.3.3.1 Budapest
  • 1.3.3.3.2 Szeged
  • 1.3.3.4 Summary
  • References
  • 1.3.4 Regional Climate Modelling Considering the Effect of Urbanization on Climate Change in Central Europe
  • 1.3.4.1 Introduction
  • 1.3.4.2 Background of Modelling for Europe
  • 1.3.4.3 Urban Parameterization and Experimental Setup
  • 1.3.4.4 Results
  • 1.3.4.5 Conclusions
  • References
  • 1.3.5 Statistical Downscaling Techniques Applied to ENSEMBLES GCMs: Bologna-Modena Case Study
  • 1.3.5.1 Introduction
  • 1.3.5.2 Data and Methods
  • 1.3.5.3 Results.
  • 1.3.5.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 2: Urban Heat Island Gold Standard and Urban Heat Island Atlas
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Concepts
  • 2.3 Planning a Representative Urban Climate Station Network
  • 2.4 Exposure of Instruments
  • 2.4.1 Temperature
  • 2.4.2 Humidity
  • 2.4.3 Wind Speed and Direction
  • 2.4.4 Precipitation
  • 2.4.5 Solar Radiation
  • 2.5 Measurement Programs in Urban Environments
  • 2.6 Site Description for METADATA
  • 2.7 Data Transmission and Data Management
  • 2.8 The Central-European Urban Heat Island Atlas
  • 2.8.1 UHI Atlas and its database
  • 2.8.2 High Resolution (&lt
  • 0.5 km) Raster Data and Vector Data
  • 2.8.2.1 Corine Land Cover
  • 2.8.2.2 Land Cover/Land Use for Cities Included in Project (Urban Atlas)
  • 2.8.2.3 Digital Elevation Data SRTM
  • 2.9 Raster Data with Low Resolution (≥0.5 km)
  • 2.9.1 MODIS NDVI Images
  • 2.9.2 MODIS LST Images
  • 2.9.3 VIIRS Night Scene Images
  • 2.9.4 Air Temperature (2 m Above the Ground)
  • 2.10 The Data from the Partners
  • 2.11 Summary
  • References
  • Chapter 3: Methodologies for UHI Analysis
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 The Urban Heat Island in Central Europe
  • 3.3 Short-Term Analyses of the Observations
  • 3.4 Long-Term Analyses of the Observations
  • 3.5 Modelling Efforts
  • 3.6 A Systematic Framework for the Representation of Urban Variables
  • 3.7 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Relevance of Thermal Indices for the Assessment of the Urban Heat Island
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Methods and Data
  • 4.2.1 Physiologically Equivalent Temperature
  • 4.2.2 Universal Thermal Climate Index
  • 4.3 Exemplary Results
  • 4.4 Discussion and Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 5: Decision Support Systems for Urban Planning
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Development of the UHI Project's DSS
  • 5.3 UHI's Decision Support System
  • 5.3.1 Structure
  • 5.3.2 The Interface.
  • 5.3.3 Project Logical Framework
  • 5.3.4 The Consultation Tool
  • 5.3.5 The DSS
  • 5.4 DSS Input
  • 5.4.1 WP3
  • 5.4.2 WP4
  • 5.4.3 WP5 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies
  • 5.5 Main Acronyms
  • Reference
  • Part II: Pilot Actions in European Cities
  • Chapter 6: UHI in the Metropolitan Cluster of Bologna-­Modena: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies
  • 6.1 Implementing Solutions for Climate Change in Urban Context
  • 6.2 The Metropolitan Cluster Of Bologna-Modena
  • 6.2.1 Urban and Environmental Framework
  • 6.2.2 Pilot Area Identification Methodology and Description
  • 6.2.3 UHI Phenomenon in the Urban Area of Modena and Application of Models to Simulate Mitigation Measures
  • 6.2.4 Experimental Environmental Quality Index to Assess the UHI's Mitigation Actions in a Building Lot
  • 6.2.5 Adaptation Strategy to Heat Risk: Assessment of a Possible Development of the Heat Risk Alert System Based on the Use of Emergency Ambulance Data
  • 6.2.5.1 Alert System
  • 6.2.5.2 Emilia-Romagna Regional Government Coordination Actions
  • 6.2.5.3 Proposed Pilot Action: Preliminary Assessment of a Possible Development of the Heat Risk Alert System Based on the Use of Emergency Ambulance Data
  • 6.2.6 Conclusions
  • 6.3 Next Steps
  • Appendices
  • Appendix A
  • Review of the Different Rules and Regulation Set Up by Emilia-­Romagna Local Government
  • Resolution of the Regional Council n. 344 of 14th March 2011
  • Resolution of the Regional Assembly n. 28 of 10th December 2010
  • Resolution of the Regional Assembly n. 1570 of 26th July 2011
  • Resolution of the Regional Assembly n. 50 of 26th July 2011
  • Resolution of the Regional Assembly n. 156 of 4th March 2008
  • Regional Law n. 26 of 23rd December 2004 "Discipline of the Territorial Energy Planning and Other Energy Related Provisions"
  • Regional Energy Plan (PER)
  • Regional Territorial Plan (PTR).
  • The Integrated Transports Regional Plan (PRIT) Approved in 1998
  • Environmental Action Plan
  • Incentives, Financing and Regulatory Actions in Support of Environmental Restoration, Energy Conservation and Reduction of the Phenomena Related to Climate Change Put in Act from Your Local Authorities to Facilitate a Sustainable Land Use (Local Author
  • Implementation of the Directive 2001/42/EC on the Assessment of the Environmental Effects of Plans and Programmes
  • Appendix B
  • Technical Content of the Requirement on Control of Solar Energy Intake
  • Need
  • Scope
  • Performance Level
  • Summer Sunshine
  • Winter Sunshine
  • Method of Verification at the Design Stage
  • Method of Verification at Work Completed
  • Appendix C
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 3.1 Product Characteristics
  • 3.2 Types of Actions
  • 3.3 Data Entry (Actual State - Planned State)
  • 4
  • 4.1 Phenomena Analysis Methodology
  • 4.2 Simulation of Plants
  • 4.3 Index Output
  • 5
  • 5.1 Index Output
  • 6
  • 6.1 Indexes and Economic Assessment of Planning Solutions
  • 7
  • 8
  • 8.1 Limits to the Granting of Bonuses and Awards
  • References
  • Chapter 7: The Urban Corridor of Venice and The Case of Padua
  • 7.1 Urban and Environmental Framework
  • 7.2 Pilot Areas Identification Methodology
  • 7.3 UHI Phenomena in the Pilot Area
  • 7.3.1 Mobile Surveys
  • 7.3.2 In Situ Measurements
  • 7.4 Feasibility Study: UHI Mitigation Strategies by Simulations
  • References
  • Chapter 8: Mitigation of and Adaptation to UHI Phenomena: The Padua Case Study
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Analysis Methods: Traditional Surveys and Remote Sensing
  • 8.3 Feasibility Study
  • 8.4 The Pilot Area as Testing Ground for the Veneto Region
  • 8.5 Possible Transformations of the Pilot Area
  • 8.5.1 Outdoor Public Spaces
  • 8.5.2 Public Green Spaces: Create New Traffic Islands and Plant New Trees
  • 8.5.3 Private Outdoor Spaces.
  • 8.5.4 Post-scenario Intervention
  • Bibliography
  • Focus A: Energy and Urban Form
  • Bibliography
  • Focus B: Using Aerial Photogrammetry for Urban Sustainability Analysis
  • Step One
  • Step Two
  • Step Three
  • Bibliography
  • Focus C: Urban Sprawl and Measures for Environmental Sustainability
  • Urban Sprawl: Characteristics and Impacts
  • 8.1.1 Measures and Tools for Sprawl Containment
  • Chapter 9: Pilot Action City of Vienna - UHI-STRAT Vienna
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 A Consistent Strategy for UHI in Urban Planning
  • 9.2.1 Consolidation at the European and the National Level
  • 9.2.2 Strategic Approach to UHI-Relevant Aspects in Vienna
  • 9.3 UHI and the Urban Climate in Vienna - Status Quo and Future Developments
  • 9.4 Fields of Action for UHI-STRAT Vienna - City-Wide Actions and Actions for Individual Lots and Buildings
  • 9.4.1 Awareness Building, Information and Public Relations
  • 9.4.2 Urban Structure, Large-Scale Strategic Measures
  • 9.4.3 Specific Technical and Structural Measures
  • 9.5 Level of Action - From Master Plan to Project
  • 9.5.1 Master Plans and Urban Planning Mission Statements
  • 9.5.2 Strategic Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Assessment
  • 9.5.3 Land Use and Building Development Planning
  • 9.5.4 Planning and Development of Public Green and Open Space
  • 9.5.5 Developer Competitions, Housing Initiatives and Public Housing Construction
  • 9.5.6 Planning and Development of Public Utility Buildings
  • 9.5.7 Subsidising Measures
  • 9.6 Feasibility Studies
  • 9.6.1 People's Attitude Towards Heat in the City
  • 9.6.2 Feasibility Study for the Urban Development Master Plan
  • 9.6.2.1 UHI-Relevant Links in the Master Plan Process
  • 9.6.2.2 UHI Measures in the Master Plan for "Nordbahnstraße - Innstraße"
  • 9.6.2.3 Modelling Measures and Their Impact with the Example of "Nordbahnstraße - Innstraße".
  • 9.6.3 Feasibility Study at the Level of Land-Use and Building Development Planning.

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