Childlessness in Europe : Contexts, Causes, and Consequences.
| Main Author: | |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cham :
Springer International Publishing AG,
2017.
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| Edition: | 1st ed. |
| Series: | Demographic Research Monographs
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click to View |
Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Preface
- Contents
- Contributors
- Part I: Childlessness in Europe: An Overview
- Chapter 1: Analyzing Childlessness
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Analyzing Childlessness - Issues and Conceptual Problems
- 1.2.1 Is Childlessness a (Post)Modern Phenomenon?
- 1.2.2 Childlessness Across the Life Course
- 1.3 Patterns, Causes, and Consequences of Childlessness
- Literature
- Chapter 2: Childlessness in Europe: Reconstructing Long-Term Trends Among Women Born in 1900-1972
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Data and Methods
- 2.2.1 Reliability of Childlessness Estimates
- 2.2.2 Data Sources on Permanent Childlessness: Drawbacks and Advantages
- 2.2.3 Country Coverage, Data, and Assumptions Employed
- 2.3 Long-Term Developments in Childlessness in Europe: Evidence for 30 Countries
- 2.4 Diversity and Contrasts in Childlessness Trends: Countries and Broader European Regions
- 2.5 Discussion and Conclusions
- Appendices
- Appendix 1
- Appendix 2
- Literature
- Part II: Country Studies
- Chapter 3: Childlessness in the UK
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.1.1 A Continuum of Childlessness
- 3.1.2 Aims of This Chapter
- 3.2 Data Sources
- 3.2.1 Retrospective Fertility Histories from the General Household Survey and the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study
- 3.2.2 Prospective Data from 1970 British Birth Cohort
- 3.3 Childlessness Trends in the UK
- 3.3.1 Historical Trend in Childlessness
- 3.3.2 Educational Differentials in Childlessness in the UK
- 3.4 Fertility Intentions and Childlessness
- 3.4.1 Fertility Intentions
- 3.4.2 Fertility Outcomes
- 3.4.3 Partnership Experience and the Likelihood of Achieving Intentions
- 3.5 Reasons for Remaining Childless
- 3.5.1 Work and Careers Not Reported as the Main Reason
- 3.5.2 The Importance of Having a Partner
- 3.6 Discussion
- Appendix
- Literature.
- Chapter 4: Childlessness in France
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Institutional Framework and Family Policies
- 4.3 Female Employment
- 4.4 Fertility and Ideal Family Size
- 4.5 Childlessness
- 4.5.1 How Is Childlessness Measured in France?
- 4.5.2 Development of Childlessness
- 4.5.3 Differences in Childlessness by Education and Occupation of Women
- 4.5.4 Men and Childlessness
- 4.6 Conclusion
- Literature
- Chapter 5: Childlessness in East and West Germany: Long-Term Trends and Social Disparities
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Childlessness in German Census and Micro-census Data: Long-Term Trends in Childlessness
- 5.3 Social Disparities in Childlessness
- 5.3.1 Childlessness by Level of Education
- 5.3.2 Childlessness Among Men and Women
- 5.3.3 Pathways to Childlessness
- 5.4 Summary
- Appendix
- Literature
- Chapter 6: Childlessness in Switzerland and Austria
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Institutional Setting and Data
- 6.2.1 Institutional Setting
- 6.2.2 Data
- 6.3 Childlessness by Socio-economic Characteristics
- 6.3.1 Changing Levels of Childlessness by Birth Cohort
- 6.3.2 Childlessness by Education
- 6.3.3 Childlessness by Religion
- 6.3.4 Childlessness by Country of Birth
- 6.3.5 Geographical Variations in Childlessness and the Process of Concentration
- 6.4 Fertility Intentions
- 6.5 Conclusions and Discussion
- Literature
- Chapter 7: Childlessness in Finland
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Data and Methods
- 7.2.1 Register Data
- 7.2.2 Survey Data
- 7.3 General Trends in Fertility and Childlessness: Finland as the Northern European Outlier
- 7.4 Increase in Childlessness in Unions
- 7.5 Childlessness Increases Among the Less Educated
- 7.6 Associations of Having a Spouse, Education and Childlessness
- 7.7 Regional and Occupational Effects
- 7.8 Low Voluntary Childlessness
- 7.9 Delays in Planned Childbearing.
- 7.10 Infertility
- 7.11 Conclusions: Many Shades of Childlessness
- Literature
- Chapter 8: Childlessness in the United States
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Sources of Data
- 8.2.1 The Cohort Fertility Tables
- 8.2.2 The Fertility Supplement of the Current Population Survey
- 8.2.3 The National Survey of Family Growth
- 8.3 Levels of and Trends in Childlessness
- 8.3.1 Cohort Fertility Tables
- 8.3.2 Fertility Supplements of the Current Population Survey
- 8.3.3 The National Surveys of Family Growth (NSFG)
- 8.3.4 Personal Characteristics and Attitudes of Childless Women
- 8.4 Reasons and Motivations for Remaining Childless
- 8.5 Black Childlessness: Trends and Explanations
- 8.6 Epilogue
- Literature
- Part III: Women's Education and Childlessness
- Chapter 9: Education and Childlessness: The Influence of Educational Field and Educational Level on Childlessness among Swedish and Austrian Women
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Sweden and Austria - Institutional Commonalities and Differences
- 9.2.1 Sweden
- 9.2.2 Austria
- 9.2.3 Sweden and Austria - A Comparison of Their Institutions
- 9.3 Childlessness According to Educational Field and Educational Level in Sweden and in Austria
- 9.3.1 Educational Field and Childlessness
- 9.3.2 Educational Level and Childlessness
- 9.4 Education and Childlessness: Discussion and Conclusions
- 9.4.1 Educational System and Childlessness
- 9.4.2 Education and Labour Market
- Educational Fields of Study That Lead to Jobs in the Public Sector
- Fields of Education That Lead to Feminised Occupations in the Private Sector
- Gender-Mixed Lines of Education with Little Occupational Specialisation
- Gender-Mixed Lines of Education with a High Degree of Occupational Specialisation
- Male-Dominated Lines of Education
- 9.4.3 Choice of Education, Self-Selection, and Social Environment.
- 9.4.4 Education and Childlessness: Should There Be an Individual-Level or an Institutional Approach?
- Literature
- Chapter 10: Childlessness and Fertility Dynamics of Female Higher Education Graduates in Germany
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Theoretical Basis
- 10.2.1 General Theoretical Assumptions from a Life Course Perspective
- 10.2.2 Specific Assumptions About the Transition to Motherhood Among Female Higher Education Graduates
- 10.3 Data and Methods
- 10.3.1 Data
- 10.3.2 Approach and Method
- 10.3.3 Model Specification
- 10.4 Empirical Findings on the Transition to Motherhood of Higher Education Graduates
- 10.4.1 Family Formation in Different Cohorts
- 10.4.2 Family Formation and Employment History
- 10.5 Summary and Discussion
- Literature
- Part IV: Fertility Ideals, Biographical Decisions and Assisted Reproduction
- Chapter 11: Fertility Ideals of Women and Men Across the Life Course
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Theoretical Considerations and Prior Findings
- 11.2.1 Previous Findings
- 11.3 Data and Analytical Strategy
- 11.3.1 Method &
- Analytical Strategy
- 11.4 Descriptive Results
- 11.5 Multivariate Results
- 11.6 Conclusion
- Literature
- Chapter 12: Childless at Age 30: A Qualitative Study of the Life Course Plans of Working Women in East and West Germany
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 The Legacy of Different Socio-political Systems: Starting a Family in West and in East Germany
- 12.3 Theoretical and Empirical Background
- 12.4 Childless Women from East and West Germany: A Comparison
- 12.4.1 Antje from Rostock: Refusal to Engage in Family Planning: "I Hate Planning"
- 12.4.2 Miriam from Lübeck: Family Planning Based on the Main Breadwinner Model: "I Envision it Like This, That I Will Definitely Stay Home".
- 12.4.3 Kristin from Rostock: Egalitarian Gender Roles and the Impossibility of Reconciling Work and Family Life: "A Great Job and Family-How is that Supposed to Work Out?"
- 12.4.4 Karen from Lübeck: Planning a Family with a Gender-Related Role Allocation: "It Will be One of Those Modern Relationships, Where the Husband Works Somewhere else During the Week and Comes Home Over the Weekend"
- 12.5 Shared Living Conditions: Differing Conceptions and Behavioral Patterns
- References
- Chapter 13: Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Germany: A Review of the Current Situation
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Legal Framework and Rules for the Assumption of Costs for ART
- 13.3 Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
- 13.3.1 Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
- 13.3.2 In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)
- 13.3.3 Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
- 13.3.4 Cryopreservation
- 13.3.5 Temporal Development of ART and Measures of Success
- 13.4 Discussion
- Literature
- Chapter 14: Assisted Reproductive Technology in Europe: Usage and Regulation in the Context of Cross-Border Reproductive Care
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Usage of Assisted Reproductive Technologies in European Countries
- 14.3 Regulation of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Europe
- 14.4 Cross-Border Reproductive Care in Europe
- 14.5 Discussion
- Literature
- Part V: Consequences of Childlessness
- Chapter 15: What's a (Childless) Man Without a Woman? The Differential Importance of Couple Dynamics for the Wellbeing of Childless Men and Women in the Netherlands
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Theoretical Background
- 15.2.1 Gendered Benefits of Marriage?
- 15.2.2 Gender Differences in the Importance of Relationship Characteristics
- 15.2.3 Is the Picture Different for Childless Couples?
- 15.3 Method &
- Method
- 15.3.1 Data
- 15.3.2 Measures
- 15.3.3 Analytical Approach.
- 15.4 Results.